The king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

JOSHUA 12:14KJV
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Joshua 12:14 (KJV)

What does Joshua 12:14 mean?

Joshua 12:14 lists two kings—one from Hormah and one from Arad—who were defeated by the Israelites under Joshua’s leadership. This verse is part of a catalog naming the kings and cities conquered as the Israelites took possession of the promised land.

Joshua 12 is a summary of Israel’s military victories after entering Canaan. The writer, likely compiling records for the people of Israel, is recounting the specific kings defeated to show the scope of the conquest. Mentioning Hormah and Arad by name highlights the completeness of Israel’s victories in the southern part of the land.

The Hebrew behind Joshua 12:14

  • מֶלֶךְ (melek, “king”): This word appears twice, emphasizing that each city—Hormah and Arad—had its own ruler who was defeated.
  • חָרְמָה (Hormah, “Hormah”): The name means “devotion” or “destruction,” which may remind readers of earlier battles where the city was set apart for destruction.
  • אֶחָד (echad, “one”): Used after each king, this word underscores that only one king per city is counted, making the list precise and organized.
  • עֲרָד (Arad, “Arad”): Naming Arad connects back to earlier stories in the wilderness, where the king of Arad opposed Israel.

Why Joshua 12:14 matters

  • Listing these kings shows the thoroughness of Israel’s conquest, not just in major cities but also in smaller, strategically important places.
  • Including Hormah and Arad connects the conquest to earlier struggles Israel faced in the wilderness, showing how past challenges were overcome.
  • The verse helps readers see the fulfillment of God’s promises to give Israel the land by naming specific victories, making the history concrete and memorable.

Where else these words appear

“Arad” Hebrew H6166 · used in 5 verses

  • Numbers 21:1 And when king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south, heard tell that Israel came by the way of the spies; then he fought against Israel, and took some of them prisoners.
  • Numbers 33:40 And king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south in the land of Canaan, heard of the coming of the children of Israel.
  • Judges 1:16 And the children of the Kenite, Moses' father in law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which lieth in the south of Arad; and they went and dwelt among the people.

“Hormah” Hebrew H2767 · used in 9 verses

  • Numbers 14:45 Then the Amalekites came down, and the Canaanites which dwelt in that hill, and smote them, and discomfited them, even unto Hormah.
  • Deuteronomy 1:44 And the Amorites, which dwelt in that mountain, came out against you, and chased you, as bees do, and destroyed you in Seir, even unto Hormah.
  • Judges 1:17 And Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. And the name of the city was called Hormah.