And Moses spake so unto the children of Israel: but they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage.

EXODUS 6:9KJV
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What does Exodus 6:9 mean?

Exodus 6:9 describes how Moses spoke God’s message to the Israelites, but they did not listen to him because their spirits were crushed by suffering and harsh slavery. The verse shows that the people’s deep discouragement kept them from hearing words of hope.

In this scene, Moses is relaying God’s promise of deliverance to the Israelites, who are enslaved in Egypt. However, the people are so overwhelmed by their “anguish of spirit” and “cruel bondage” that they cannot take in what Moses says. The verse highlights the emotional and physical weight of their suffering, which makes it hard for them to believe in change.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 6:9

  • “Anguish” is צַר (tsa-r, H7115), which often means shortness or impatience, and here it suggests the Israelites’ spirits were so pressed down that they could barely breathe or hope.
  • “Spirit” is רוּחַ (ruach, H7307), which can mean breath, wind, or spirit; in this context, it points to their inner life or morale being broken.
  • “Cruel” is קָשֶׁה (qasheh, H7186), which means hard, severe, or harsh, emphasizing the extreme harshness of their forced labor.

Why Exodus 6:9 matters

  • This verse explains why the Israelites struggle to respond to Moses: their suffering is so deep that even good news feels out of reach.
  • The verse sets up the tension in the story, showing that deliverance will not come easily, and that both Moses and the people face real obstacles of faith and hope.
  • By describing the people’s emotional state, Exodus 6:9 helps readers understand the depth of Israel’s need and God’s compassion in the following events.

Where else these words appear

“cruel” Hebrew H7186 · used in 36 verses

  • Genesis 42:7 And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spake roughly unto them; and he said unto them, Whence come ye? And they said, From the land of Canaan to buy food.
  • Deuteronomy 31:27 For I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck: behold, while I am yet alive with you this day, ye have been rebellious against the LORD; and how much more after my death?
  • 2 Chronicles 10:13 And the king answered them roughly; and king Rehoboam forsook the counsel of the old men,

“bondage” Hebrew H5656 · used in 125 verses

  • Genesis 29:27 Fulfil her week, and we will give thee this also for the service which thou shalt serve with me yet seven other years.
  • Numbers 4:31 And this is the charge of their burden, according to all their service in the tabernacle of the congregation; the boards of the tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the pillars thereof, and sockets thereof,
  • 1 Chronicles 23:26 And also unto the Levites; they shall no more carry the tabernacle, nor any vessels of it for the service thereof.