From Aroer, that is upon the bank of the river Arnon, and the city that is in the midst of the river, and all the plain of Medeba unto Dibon;

JOSHUA 13:9KJV
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Joshua 13:9 (KJV)

What does Joshua 13:9 mean?

Joshua 13:9 describes a stretch of land that was taken from the Amorites, listing its boundaries from the town of Aroer by the Arnon River, including a city in the middle of the river, and extending across the plain of Medeba to Dibon. This verse is part of a detailed record of territories on the east side of the Jordan River.

In this section, God is speaking to Joshua, giving him instructions about the land that remains to be divided among the Israelite tribes. The verse names specific places to mark the borders of the land east of the Jordan, helping the Israelites understand exactly what areas are included in their inheritance. These locations were well-known landmarks at the time, making the boundaries clear to the original audience.

The Hebrew behind Joshua 13:9

  • אֲרוֹעֵר (Aroer, "Aroer"): This is a specific town on the edge of the Arnon River, serving as a southern border marker for the territory.
  • שָׂפָה (safah, "bank"): This word means "edge" or "lip," referring here to the bank of the river, emphasizing the precise boundary line.
  • נַחַל (nachal, "river"): This word often means a wadi or seasonal stream, but here it refers to the Arnon River, a significant geographic feature.
  • תּוֹךְ (tokh, "midst"): This means "middle" or "center," highlighting that there was a city situated in the very middle of the river, which would have been unusual and notable.
  • מִישֹׁר (mishor, "plain"): This refers to a flat, plateau-like region, indicating the broad, open land stretching from Medeba to Dibon.

Why Joshua 13:9 matters

  • Joshua 13:9 clarifies the exact boundaries of land east of the Jordan, which is important for understanding how the Israelite tribes were to divide their inheritance.
  • The verse shows attention to detail in the biblical record, demonstrating that the land was not just vaguely promised but specifically described.
  • By naming real places, Joshua 13:9 connects the story to actual geography, helping later readers and historians trace the ancient borders and understand the historical context of Israel’s settlement.

Where else these words appear

“Medeba” Hebrew H4311 · used in 5 verses

  • Numbers 21:30 We have shot at them; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon, and we have laid them waste even unto Nophah, which reacheth unto Medeba.
  • Joshua 13:16 And their coast was from Aroer, that is on the bank of the river Arnon, and the city that is in the midst of the river, and all the plain by Medeba;
  • 1 Chronicles 19:7 So they hired thirty and two thousand chariots, and the king of Maachah and his people; who came and pitched before Medeba. And the children of Ammon gathered themselves together from their cities, and came to battle.

“Dibon” Hebrew H1769 · used in 11 verses

  • Numbers 21:30 We have shot at them; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon, and we have laid them waste even unto Nophah, which reacheth unto Medeba.
  • Numbers 33:45 And they departed from Iim, and pitched in Dibongad.
  • Nehemiah 11:25 And for the villages, with their fields, some of the children of Judah dwelt at Kirjatharba, and in the villages thereof, and at Dibon, and in the villages thereof, and at Jekabzeel, and in the villages thereof,

“Aroer” Hebrew H6177 · used in 16 verses

  • Numbers 32:34 And the children of Gad built Dibon, and Ataroth, and Aroer,
  • Joshua 13:16 And their coast was from Aroer, that is on the bank of the river Arnon, and the city that is in the midst of the river, and all the plain by Medeba;
  • 2 Samuel 24:5 And they passed over Jordan, and pitched in Aroer, on the right side of the city that lieth in the midst of the river of Gad, and toward Jazer:

“Arnon” Hebrew H769 · used in 23 verses

  • Numbers 21:13 From thence they removed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness that cometh out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.
  • Deuteronomy 2:36 From Aroer, which is by the brink of the river of Arnon, and from the city that is by the river, even unto Gilead, there was not one city too strong for us: the LORD our God delivered all unto us:
  • Joshua 13:16 And their coast was from Aroer, that is on the bank of the river Arnon, and the city that is in the midst of the river, and all the plain by Medeba;