These likewise cast lots over against their brethren the sons of Aaron in the presence of David the king, and Zadok, and Ahimelech, and the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites, even the principal fathers over against their younger brethren.

1 CHRONICLES 24:31KJV
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What does 1 Chronicles 24:31 mean?

1 Chronicles 24:31 describes how the families of the Levites, along with the priestly families descended from Aaron, cast lots to fairly assign their duties in the temple, all under the supervision of King David and other leaders. This process was done publicly and included both the most senior family heads and their younger relatives, ensuring everyone had a fair chance.

The verse is set during King David’s organization of the temple service. David, along with Zadok the priest, Ahimelech, and the heads of the priestly and Levitical families, oversees the process. Casting lots was a common way in ancient Israel to make impartial decisions, and here it shows that both older and younger members were treated equally in the distribution of responsibilities.

The Hebrew behind 1 Chronicles 24:31

  • "Cast" (נָפַל, naphal) and "lots" (גּוֹרָל, goral): These words together describe the act of drawing lots, a method often used in Israel to ensure fairness and remove personal bias from important decisions.
  • "Against" (עִם, im) and "brethren" (אַח, ach): The phrase highlights that the lots were cast in relation to their fellow family members, emphasizing fairness among equals.
  • "Principal" (רֹאשׁ, rosh) and "younger" (קָטָן, qatan): These terms show that both the leading (older) and less senior (younger) family members were included, underlining the equal treatment in the process.

Why 1 Chronicles 24:31 matters

  • The verse clarifies that temple duties were not assigned by favoritism or seniority alone, but by a process that gave every family a fair opportunity.
  • It shows the careful organization and transparency David brought to religious life in Israel, involving both priests and Levites.
  • This verse connects to the wider passage by showing the inclusiveness and orderliness in setting up worship practices, which would shape Israel’s temple service for generations.

Where else these words appear

“Ahimelech” Hebrew H288 · used in 16 verses

  • 1 Samuel 21:1 Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was afraid at the meeting of David, and said unto him, Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?
  • 1 Samuel 22:14 Then Ahimelech answered the king, and said, And who is so faithful among all thy servants as David, which is the king's son in law, and goeth at thy bidding, and is honourable in thine house?
  • 1 Samuel 30:7 And David said to Abiathar the priest, Ahimelech's son, I pray thee, bring me hither the ephod. And Abiathar brought thither the ephod to David.

“against” Hebrew H5980 · used in 28 verses

  • Exodus 25:27 Over against the border shall the rings be for places of the staves to bear the table.
  • 1 Chronicles 26:12 Among these were the divisions of the porters, even among the chief men, having wards one against another, to minister in the house of the LORD.
  • Ezekiel 10:19 And the cherubims lifted up their wings, and mounted up from the earth in my sight: when they went out, the wheels also were beside them, and every one stood at the door of the east gate of the LORD'S house; and the glory of the God of Israel was over them above.

“Zadok” Hebrew H6659 · used in 50 verses

  • 2 Samuel 8:17 And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Seraiah was the scribe;
  • 1 Kings 1:34 And let Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there king over Israel: and blow ye with the trumpet, and say, God save king Solomon.
  • 1 Chronicles 18:16 And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Abimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Shavsha was scribe;

“lots” Hebrew H1486 · used in 67 verses

  • Leviticus 16:8 And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the LORD, and the other lot for the scapegoat.
  • Joshua 19:24 And the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families.
  • 1 Chronicles 26:14 And the lot eastward fell to Shelemiah. Then for Zechariah his son, a wise counsellor, they cast lots; and his lot came out northward.