And did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer upon mine altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me? and did I give unto the house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the children of Israel?

1 SAMUEL 2:28KJV
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What does 1 Samuel 2:28 mean?

1 Samuel 2:28 recalls how God chose a specific man and his family from all the tribes of Israel to serve as priests, allowing them to offer sacrifices, burn incense, wear the ephod, and receive portions of the offerings brought by the Israelites. The verse highlights the special privileges and responsibilities given to this priestly family.

In this verse, God is speaking through a prophet to Eli, the high priest, reminding him of the unique honor given to his family line. The context is a rebuke, as Eli’s sons have been abusing their priestly role. The verse emphasizes the sacred trust and the exclusive calling that God gave to Eli’s ancestors among all the tribes of Israel.

The Hebrew behind 1 Samuel 2:28

  • "choose" (בָּחַר, bachar): This word means to select or single out. Here, it stresses that God’s choice of Eli’s family was intentional and not random.
  • "priest" (כֹּהֵן, kohen): This term refers to someone set apart for religious service. The verse underlines that being a priest was a divinely appointed role, not just a family tradition.
  • "ephod" (אֵפוֹד, ephod): The ephod was a special priestly garment. Mentioning it shows the visible sign of priestly authority and service before God.
  • "offer" (עָלָה, ‘alah) and "altar" (מִזְבֵּחַ, mizbeach): These words together point to the central act of sacrifice, the heart of priestly duty, which was a privilege not given to every Israelite.

Why 1 Samuel 2:28 matters

  • The verse clarifies that the priesthood was not a right for all Israelites but a special calling for one family, highlighting God’s sovereignty in choosing leaders.
  • By recalling the privileges given to Eli’s house, the verse sets up the seriousness of their later failures and why God’s judgment is justified.
  • The details about offerings and garments connect this verse to the broader story of Israel’s worship and the responsibilities that came with serving at the altar.

Where else these words appear

“ephod” Hebrew H646 · used in 39 verses

  • Exodus 25:7 Onyx stones, and stones to be set in the ephod, and in the breastplate.
  • Exodus 35:27 And the rulers brought onyx stones, and stones to be set, for the ephod, and for the breastplate;
  • Judges 18:17 And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came in thither, and took the graven image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood in the entering of the gate with the six hundred men that were appointed with weapons of war.

“incense” Hebrew H7004 · used in 58 verses

  • Exodus 25:6 Oil for the light, spices for anointing oil, and for sweet incense,
  • Leviticus 10:1 And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which he commanded them not.
  • Numbers 16:18 And they took every man his censer, and put fire in them, and laid incense thereon, and stood in the door of the tabernacle of the congregation with Moses and Aaron.

“fire” Hebrew H801 · used in 64 verses

  • Exodus 29:18 And thou shalt burn the whole ram upon the altar: it is a burnt offering unto the LORD: it is a sweet savour, an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
  • Leviticus 6:17 It shall not be baken with leaven. I have given it unto them for their portion of my offerings made by fire; it is most holy, as is the sin offering, and as the trespass offering.
  • Leviticus 23:37 These are the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon his day:

“burn” Hebrew H6999 · used in 112 verses

  • Exodus 29:13 And thou shalt take all the fat that covereth the inwards, and the caul that is above the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, and burn them upon the altar.
  • Leviticus 9:20 And they put the fat upon the breasts, and he burnt the fat upon the altar:
  • 2 Chronicles 28:4 He sacrificed also and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.