He sacrificed also and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.

2 CHRONICLES 28:4KJV
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What does 2 Chronicles 28:4 mean?

2 Chronicles 28:4 describes how King Ahaz of Judah offered sacrifices and burned incense at pagan worship sites, not just in official places but everywhere—on high places, hills, and under every green tree. This verse highlights the widespread and public nature of his idolatry, showing that he turned away from worshiping the God of Israel.

The chronicler is describing Ahaz’s actions to the people of Judah, showing how he adopted the worship practices of surrounding nations. The verse emphasizes that Ahaz’s idolatry was not hidden or limited; it was practiced openly and in many locations, which was a direct violation of Israel’s covenant with God.

The Hebrew behind 2 Chronicles 28:4

  • sacrificed (זָבַח, zāvaḥ): This word means to offer animal sacrifices. The use here stresses that Ahaz was not just burning incense but also performing full sacrificial rituals at these unauthorized sites.
  • incense (קָטַר, qāṭar): This word refers to burning incense as an act of worship. In Israelite tradition, incense was to be burned only in the temple, so Ahaz’s actions show a deliberate rejection of that command.
  • places (בָּמָה, bāmāh): This term means “high places,” which were local shrines or altars often associated with idol worship. The mention here signals that Ahaz was using sites specifically known for forbidden religious practices.
  • hills (גִּבְעָה, giv‘āh): This word means “hill” or “elevated ground.” Worship on hills was common in Canaanite religion, so Ahaz’s use of these locations links his actions to foreign practices.
  • green (רַעֲנָן, ra‘anān) tree (עֵץ, ‘ēts): “Green tree” refers to leafy, flourishing trees, which were often seen as sacred in ancient fertility cults. The phrase suggests that Ahaz was following pagan customs that viewed such trees as places of spiritual power.

Why 2 Chronicles 28:4 matters

  • This verse clarifies that Ahaz’s idolatry was not a private failing but a public and widespread departure from Israel’s worship of God, affecting the nation’s spiritual direction.
  • The mention of “every green tree” and “high places” connects Ahaz’s actions to specific pagan practices, showing that his reign marked a deep assimilation of foreign religious customs.
  • Understanding the terms used here helps explain why Ahaz’s reign is portrayed so negatively in Chronicles and sets the stage for the coming judgment and reforms in later chapters.

Where else these words appear

“green” Hebrew H7488 · used in 20 verses

  • Deuteronomy 12:2 Ye shall utterly destroy all the places, wherein the nations which ye shall possess served their gods, upon the high mountains, and upon the hills, and under every green tree:
  • Psalms 52:8 But I am like a green olive tree in the house of God: I trust in the mercy of God for ever and ever.
  • Jeremiah 3:6 The LORD said also unto me in the days of Josiah the king, Hast thou seen that which backsliding Israel hath done? she is gone up upon every high mountain and under every green tree, and there hath played the harlot.

“hills” Hebrew H1389 · used in 69 verses

  • Genesis 49:26 The blessings of thy father have prevailed above the blessings of my progenitors unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren.
  • Psalms 72:3 The mountains shall bring peace to the people, and the little hills, by righteousness.
  • Jeremiah 13:27 I have seen thine adulteries, and thy neighings, the lewdness of thy whoredom, and thine abominations on the hills in the fields. Woe unto thee, O Jerusalem! wilt thou not be made clean? when shall it once be?

“places” Hebrew H1116 · used in 92 verses

  • Leviticus 26:30 And I will destroy your high places, and cut down your images, and cast your carcases upon the carcases of your idols, and my soul shall abhor you.
  • 2 Kings 15:35 Howbeit the high places were not removed: the people sacrificed and burned incense still in the high places. He built the higher gate of the house of the LORD.
  • 2 Chronicles 33:3 For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down, and he reared up altars for Baalim, and made groves, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them.

“incense” Hebrew H6999 · used in 112 verses

  • Exodus 29:13 And thou shalt take all the fat that covereth the inwards, and the caul that is above the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, and burn them upon the altar.
  • Leviticus 9:20 And they put the fat upon the breasts, and he burnt the fat upon the altar:
  • 2 Chronicles 28:3 Moreover he burnt incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and burnt his children in the fire, after the abominations of the heathen whom the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel.