From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty.

2 SAMUEL 1:22KJV
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What does 2 Samuel 1:22 mean?

2 Samuel 1:22 describes how Jonathan’s bow and Saul’s sword were powerful and relentless in battle, never failing or turning back until their enemies were defeated. The verse honors their bravery and effectiveness as warriors, emphasizing that they fought fiercely and did not retreat empty-handed.

In this verse, David is speaking in a lament after Saul and Jonathan have died. He is addressing the people of Israel, mourning the loss of their king and prince. David highlights their strength and valor in combat, painting a picture of two men who gave their all and were never bested on the battlefield.

The Hebrew behind 2 Samuel 1:22

  • "blood" (דָּם, dam; H1818): This word points to the violence and seriousness of battle, emphasizing that Jonathan and Saul were involved in real, deadly combat.
  • "fat" (חֵלֶב, chelev; H2459): Often means the best or choicest part, so “fat of the mighty” suggests not just any warriors, but the strongest and most honored opponents.
  • "mighty" (גִּבּוֹר, gibbor; H1368): Refers to strong, heroic men, underlining that Saul and Jonathan faced and overcame the best of the enemy.
  • "turned" (נָסוֹג, nasog; H7734) and "back" (אָחוֹר, achor; H268): Together, these words stress that Jonathan’s bow did not retreat or fail, showing steadfastness and courage.

Why 2 Samuel 1:22 matters

  • This verse clears up any idea that Saul and Jonathan were weak or cowardly in their final battle; instead, it highlights their courage and skill.
  • The verse connects to David’s deep respect for Saul and Jonathan, even though Saul had been his enemy, showing David’s integrity and grief.
  • It helps the reader understand the tone of David’s lament: not just sadness, but admiration for the fallen leaders and a sense of national loss.

Where else these words appear

“empty” Hebrew H7387 · used in 16 verses

  • Genesis 31:42 Except the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me, surely thou hadst sent me away now empty. God hath seen mine affliction and the labour of my hands, and rebuked thee yesternight.
  • Deuteronomy 16:16 Three times in a year shall all thy males appear before the LORD thy God in the place which he shall choose; in the feast of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles: and they shall not appear before the LORD empty:
  • Psalms 7:4 If I have rewarded evil unto him that was at peace with me;(yea, I have delivered him that without cause is mine enemy:)

“back” Hebrew H268 · used in 41 verses

  • Genesis 49:17 Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward.
  • Psalms 44:18 Our heart is not turned back, neither have our steps declined from thy way;
  • Isaiah 42:17 They shall be turned back, they shall be greatly ashamed, that trust in graven images, that say to the molten images, Ye are our gods.

“fat” Hebrew H2459 · used in 69 verses

  • Genesis 4:4 And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering:
  • Leviticus 7:23 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, Ye shall eat no manner of fat, of ox, or of sheep, or of goat.
  • Judges 3:22 And the haft also went in after the blade; and the fat closed upon the blade, so that he could not draw the dagger out of his belly; and the dirt came out.

“Jonathan” Hebrew H3083 · used in 73 verses

  • Judges 18:30 And the children of Dan set up the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land.
  • 1 Samuel 20:28 And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem:
  • 2 Samuel 9:6 Now when Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, was come unto David, he fell on his face, and did reverence. And David said, Mephibosheth. And he answered, Behold thy servant!