Deuteronomy 20:13 (KJV)

What does Deuteronomy 20:13 mean?

Deuteronomy 20:13 instructs the Israelites that when the LORD their God gives them victory over a city in battle, they are to kill every male in that city with the sword. This verse describes a command for warfare during the conquest of Canaan, specifically about how to treat the defeated male population of an enemy city.

In this passage, Moses is speaking to the Israelites as they prepare to enter the Promised Land. The context is a set of laws about warfare, outlining what the Israelites should do when they lay siege to a city and God grants them success. The verse reflects the harsh realities and customs of ancient warfare, and it is part of a larger section detailing rules for different kinds of cities and situations.

The Hebrew behind Deuteronomy 20:13

• LORD (יְהוָה, YHWH): This is the personal name of Israel’s God, emphasizing that these instructions are given under divine authority.
• delivered (נָתַן, nathan): This word means “to give” or “to hand over.” It highlights that victory in battle is seen as something God actively grants, not just a result of Israel’s own strength.
• smite (נָכָה, nakah): This verb means “to strike” or “to kill.” It is a strong term, indicating decisive and violent action.
• edge (פֶּה, peh) and sword (חֶרֶב, cherev): “Edge” literally means “mouth,” so the phrase “edge of the sword” is a Hebrew way of saying “by the sword’s blade.” It is a vivid image for execution in battle.

Why Deuteronomy 20:13 matters

• This verse clarifies that the instructions are for warfare against enemy cities, not for general conduct or treatment of all peoples.
• The emphasis on God “delivering” the city shows that victory is attributed to divine intervention, not just military might.
• Understanding the original words and context helps explain why the instructions are so severe, reflecting the norms of warfare in the ancient Near East and the unique circumstances of Israel’s conquest.