Exodus 1:16 (KJV)

What does Exodus 1:16 mean?

Exodus 1:16 records Pharaoh commanding the Hebrew midwives to kill any baby boys born to the Hebrew women, but to let the girls live. This order was meant to control and weaken the growing Hebrew population in Egypt by targeting male children.

Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, is speaking to the Hebrew midwives in this verse. He gives them instructions for when they assist Hebrew women in childbirth, specifically telling them to kill newborn sons but spare daughters. This command sets the stage for the conflict between Pharaoh’s harsh policies and the courage of those who resist them in the following verses.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 1:16

• "midwife" (יָלַד, yālad): This word refers to women who help others give birth. Their role was crucial, as they were trusted figures in the community, making Pharaoh’s command especially difficult and personal.
• "stools" (אָבְנָיִם, ʼovnayim): This term is often understood as the birthing stones or seats used during childbirth. It gives a glimpse into ancient birthing practices and shows Pharaoh wanted the midwives to act at the very moment of birth.
• "kill" (מוּת, mût): This word is a direct and harsh command for the midwives to end the life of any male newborn. The use of such a strong term highlights the severity and cruelty of Pharaoh’s order.

Why Exodus 1:16 matters

• This verse clarifies that Pharaoh’s plan was not a general attack but a targeted attempt to eliminate Hebrew boys at birth, aiming to weaken the future of the Hebrew people.
• The specific instruction to the midwives shows how Pharaoh tried to use trusted members of the Hebrew community to carry out his policy, putting them in a morally impossible position.
• Understanding this command helps explain the courage and faith of the midwives in the next verses, as they choose to defy Pharaoh’s order and protect the children.