It is a sign between me and the children of Israel for ever: for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he rested, and was refreshed.

EXODUS 31:17KJV
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Exodus 31:17 (KJV)

What does Exodus 31:17 mean?

Exodus 31:17 says that the Sabbath is a lasting sign between God and the people of Israel, reminding them that God created everything in six days and rested on the seventh, being refreshed. This verse connects the Sabbath directly to God’s own pattern of work and rest in creation, making it a unique marker of Israel’s relationship with God.

In this verse, God is speaking to Moses on Mount Sinai, giving instructions about the Sabbath as part of the covenant with Israel. The verse emphasizes that the Sabbath is not just a rule but a sign (a visible reminder) of the special bond between God and Israel. The mention of God being “refreshed” after resting highlights the completeness and satisfaction of His creative work, setting an example for Israel to follow.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 31:17

  • The word “sign” (אוֹת, ’ot) means a visible marker or symbol. Here, it shows that the Sabbath is meant to be a public, ongoing reminder of the covenant between God and Israel.
  • “Rested” (שָׁבַת, shavat) means to cease or stop working. This word is the root of “Sabbath” and points to the idea of stopping regular work, not just physical rest.
  • “Refreshed” (וַיִּנָּפַשׁ, vayinnafash) comes from a word meaning to breathe or be revived. This adds a sense of renewal or restoration, showing that the Sabbath is meant for refreshment, not just inactivity.
  • “For ever” (לְעוֹלָם, le‘olam) means for a long duration or perpetually. This underlines that the Sabbath is intended as a permanent sign, not a temporary one.

Why Exodus 31:17 matters

  • Exodus 31:17 clarifies that the Sabbath is more than a day off; it is a sign of Israel’s unique relationship with God, rooted in creation itself.
  • The verse connects the Sabbath command to God’s own actions, showing that rest is built into the fabric of creation, not just a human need.
  • By describing God as being “refreshed,” Exodus 31:17 emphasizes that the Sabbath is meant for renewal, helping to correct the idea that it is only about restrictions or legalism.