Matthew 28:18 (KJV)

What does Matthew 28:18 mean?

Matthew 28:18 says that Jesus told his followers he had been given complete authority over everything in heaven and on earth. This means Jesus is declaring that he now holds the highest power possible, both spiritually and in the world.

Jesus is speaking to his disciples after his resurrection, just before giving them what is often called the "Great Commission." The verse sets the stage for what comes next by showing that Jesus has the right to command and send his followers, because all authority has been entrusted to him by God.

The Greek behind Matthew 28:18

• The word translated "power" is ἐξουσία (exousia), which more precisely means "authority" or "the right to act." This is not just raw power, but the official right to rule or command, highlighting that Jesus’ authority is legitimate and recognized.
• The phrase "is given" comes from the Greek δέδοται (dedotai, from δίδωμι / didōmi), meaning "has been given" or "has been granted." This shows that Jesus’ authority is not self-assumed but has been bestowed upon him, emphasizing a transfer or gift from God.
• The words "in heaven and in earth" (ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς / en ouranō kai epi gēs) stress the total scope of Jesus’ authority, covering both the spiritual realm ("heaven") and the physical world ("earth").

Why Matthew 28:18 matters

• Matthew 28:18 clarifies that Jesus’ authority is not limited or partial, but absolute and universal, which is important for understanding the commands he gives in the following verses.
• The verse answers any question about who has the ultimate right to direct the lives and mission of Jesus’ followers, grounding their future actions in his authority.
• By connecting Jesus’ authority to both heaven and earth, Matthew 28:18 ties together the spiritual and earthly aspects of his mission, showing that nothing is outside his rule.