Nehemiah 13:3 (KJV)

What does Nehemiah 13:3 mean?

Nehemiah 13:3 describes how, after the people of Israel heard the law being read, they separated themselves from all those who were not fully part of Israel, specifically those called the "mixed multitude." This action was a response to what they learned from the law, aiming to keep Israel distinct from other groups.

In the story, Nehemiah is leading the returned exiles in Jerusalem, working to restore both the city and the people's faithfulness to God's instructions. The "mixed multitude" refers to people of non-Israelite background who had joined the community, and the separation was about following the law's commands for Israel to remain a distinct people. This moment shows the community's renewed commitment to their identity and covenant after hearing the law read aloud.

The Hebrew behind Nehemiah 13:3

• law (תּוֹרָה, torah): This word means "instruction" or "law," and here it refers to the teachings given to Israel, likely the books of Moses. The reading of the torah prompted the people's actions, showing the central role of God's instructions in shaping community life.
• separated (בָּדַל, badal): This verb means "to divide" or "to set apart." The use of this word highlights a deliberate, active choice to create a boundary between Israel and those not fully part of the community.
• multitude (עֵרֶב, erev): This term refers to a "mixed group" or "mixed multitude," meaning people of various non-Israelite backgrounds living among the Israelites. The focus on this group shows concern for maintaining the distinctiveness of Israel as a people.

Why Nehemiah 13:3 matters

• Nehemiah 13:3 clarifies that the people's separation from the mixed multitude was a direct response to hearing the law, not just a social or political decision.
• This verse connects to earlier moments in Israel's history, such as the Exodus, where the "mixed multitude" is first mentioned, showing a recurring theme of identity and boundaries.
• The verse highlights the powerful impact that public reading and understanding of the law had on the community's actions and sense of identity.