But we preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumblingblock, and unto the Greeks foolishness;

1 CORINTHIANS 1:23KJV
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What does 1 Corinthians 1:23 mean?

1 Corinthians 1:23 says that Paul and his companions proclaim Jesus Christ as crucified, and that this message is difficult for Jews to accept and seems foolish to Greeks. The verse highlights how the core of the Christian message was seen as offensive or nonsensical by many in Paul’s audience.

Paul is writing to the church in Corinth, a city with both Jewish and Greek populations. He is explaining why the message about Jesus’ crucifixion does not fit the expectations of either group: Jews often expected a powerful Messiah, not a crucified one, and Greeks valued wisdom and philosophy, not a message centered on a shameful death. Paul is emphasizing that the Christian message challenges both cultural and religious assumptions.

The Greek behind 1 Corinthians 1:23

  • σταυρόω (stauroō, “crucified”): This word refers specifically to execution by crucifixion, a form of death considered shameful and humiliating in the ancient world. Paul’s use of this word underlines how shocking the message of a crucified Messiah would have been.
  • σκάνδαλον (skandalon, “stumblingblock”): This word often means something that causes offense or a trap that makes someone fall. For Jews, the idea of a crucified Messiah was not just disappointing but deeply offensive.
  • μωρία (mōria, “foolishness”): This word means “foolishness” or “nonsense.” To Greeks, who prized intellectual wisdom, the idea of worshiping someone who died on a cross seemed absurd.

Why 1 Corinthians 1:23 matters

  • This verse clarifies why the Christian message was so controversial and difficult for many in the first century to accept, showing that the gospel did not align with common expectations.
  • Paul’s words highlight the cultural barriers to faith in Jesus, helping readers understand the boldness and distinctiveness of early Christian preaching.
  • The verse sets up the contrast that Paul develops in the surrounding passage, where he explains that God’s wisdom often looks very different from human wisdom.

Where else these words appear

“foolishness” Greek G3472 · used in 5 verses

  • 1 Corinthians 1:18 For the preaching of the cross is to them that perish foolishness; but unto us which are saved it is the power of God.
  • 1 Corinthians 1:21 For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not God, it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe.
  • 1 Corinthians 2:14 But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned.

“stumblingblock” Greek G4625 · used in 13 verses

  • Matthew 13:41 The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them which do iniquity;
  • Romans 9:33 As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.
  • Galatians 5:11 And I, brethren, if I yet preach circumcision, why do I yet suffer persecution? then is the offence of the cross ceased.

“Greeks” Greek G1672 · used in 26 verses

  • John 7:35 Then said the Jews among themselves, Whither will he go, that we shall not find him? will he go unto the dispersed among the Gentiles, and teach the Gentiles?
  • Acts 19:10 And this continued by the space of two years; so that all they which dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks.
  • Romans 3:9 What then? are we better than they? No, in no wise: for we have before proved both Jews and Gentiles, that they are all under sin;

“crucified” Greek G4717 · used in 42 verses

  • Matthew 20:19 And shall deliver him to the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge, and to crucify him: and the third day he shall rise again.
  • Mark 15:20 And when they had mocked him, they took off the purple from him, and put his own clothes on him, and led him out to crucify him.
  • John 19:18 Where they crucified him, and two other with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.