Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

1 SAMUEL 18:3KJV
Know the Bible

1 Samuel 18:3 (KJV)

What does 1 Samuel 18:3 mean?

1 Samuel 18:3 describes how Jonathan and David made a formal agreement, called a covenant, because Jonathan loved David as deeply as he loved himself. This verse highlights the strong, loyal bond that formed between Jonathan and David at the beginning of their friendship.

Jonathan, the son of King Saul, saw something in David that moved him to commit to a deep friendship and alliance. In the context of ancient Israel, making a covenant was a serious act, often involving promises of loyalty and protection. The verse shows that Jonathan’s affection for David was genuine and selfless, setting the stage for their close relationship throughout the coming chapters.

The Hebrew behind 1 Samuel 18:3

  • "Covenant" (בְּרִית, berit): This word refers to a binding agreement or treaty, often with solemn promises. In this verse, it means Jonathan and David made a formal, lasting commitment to each other, not just a casual friendship.
  • "Loved" (אָהַב, ’ahav): This word is often used for deep affection or loyalty, not just romantic love. Here, it emphasizes Jonathan’s sincere and wholehearted care for David.
  • "Soul" (נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh): This word can mean "life," "self," or "inner being." Saying Jonathan loved David "as his own soul" means he valued David’s well-being as much as his own, showing extraordinary loyalty.

Why 1 Samuel 18:3 matters

  • This verse clarifies that the bond between Jonathan and David was formalized with a covenant, not just based on feelings but on a committed promise.
  • The language used highlights the depth of Jonathan’s loyalty, which is important for understanding his later actions, especially when he supports David even against his own father, Saul.
  • Seeing the covenant in its ancient context helps readers appreciate the seriousness of their friendship and the risks Jonathan took by aligning himself with David.

Where else these words appear

“loved” Hebrew H160 · used in 37 verses

  • Genesis 29:20 And Jacob served seven years for Rachel; and they seemed unto him but a few days, for the love he had to her.
  • Proverbs 15:17 Better is a dinner of herbs where love is, than a stalled ox and hatred therewith.
  • Song of Solomon 8:4 I charge you, O daughters of Jerusalem, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, until he please.

“Jonathan” Hebrew H3083 · used in 73 verses

  • Judges 18:30 And the children of Dan set up the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land.
  • 1 Samuel 20:30 Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness?
  • 2 Samuel 9:6 Now when Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, was come unto David, he fell on his face, and did reverence. And David said, Mephibosheth. And he answered, Behold thy servant!