And the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, both of fenced cities, and of country villages, even unto the great stone of Abel, whereon they set down the ark of the LORD: which stone remaineth unto this day in the field of Joshua, the Bethshemite.

1 SAMUEL 6:18KJV
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1 Samuel 6:18 (KJV)

What does 1 Samuel 6:18 mean?

1 Samuel 6:18 describes how the Philistines sent golden mice as offerings, matching the number of their cities ruled by five leaders, including both fortified towns and rural villages, as part of their restitution for taking the ark of the LORD. The verse also notes that the large stone where the ark was set down in the field of Joshua of Beth Shemesh was still present at the time the account was written.

The verse is part of the story where the Philistines, after suffering plagues, return the ark of the LORD to Israel with guilt offerings. The text lists the extent of their offering—covering all their territory, from walled cities to small villages—showing the seriousness of their gesture. The mention of the stone in Joshua’s field serves as a historical marker, grounding the event in a specific place remembered by the community.

The Hebrew behind 1 Samuel 6:18

  • golden (זָהָב, zahav): The use of "golden" emphasizes the value and significance of the offerings; gold was a precious material, showing the Philistines’ desire to appease Israel’s God.
  • mice (עַכְבָּר, akhbar): The "mice" likely represent the plague that afflicted the Philistines, making the offering a symbolic act tied to their suffering.
  • lords (סָרְנֵי, sarne): Refers to the five rulers of the Philistine cities, highlighting the political structure and that the offering was made on behalf of the entire Philistine leadership.
  • Abel (אָבֵל, Avel): The "great stone of Abel" is a specific landmark, anchoring the story in a real location and giving the narrative a sense of historical authenticity.

Why 1 Samuel 6:18 matters

  • This verse clarifies that the Philistines’ guilt offering was comprehensive, covering every city and village under their control, not just the main urban centers.
  • The mention of the stone in Joshua’s field connects the miraculous return of the ark to a tangible place, reinforcing the historical reality of the event for later generations.
  • By listing both "fenced cities" and "country villages," the verse shows the widespread impact of the ark’s presence and the Philistines’ desire to make amends across their whole territory.

Where else these words appear

“Bethshemite” Hebrew H1030 · used in 2 verses

  • 1 Samuel 6:14 And the cart came into the field of Joshua, a Bethshemite, and stood there, where there was a great stone: and they clave the wood of the cart, and offered the kine a burnt offering unto the LORD.

“country” Hebrew H6521 · used in 3 verses

  • Deuteronomy 3:5 All these cities were fenced with high walls, gates, and bars; beside unwalled towns a great many.
  • Esther 9:19 Therefore the Jews of the villages, that dwelt in the unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.

“Abel” Hebrew H59 · used in 4 verses

  • 2 Samuel 20:14 And he went through all the tribes of Israel unto Abel, and to Bethmaachah, and all the Berites: and they were gathered together, and went also after him.
  • 2 Samuel 20:15 And they came and besieged him in Abel of Bethmaachah, and they cast up a bank against the city, and it stood in the trench: and all the people that were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down.
  • 2 Samuel 20:18 Then she spake, saying, They were wont to speak in old time, saying, They shall surely ask counsel at Abel: and so they ended the matter.

“mice” Hebrew H5909 · used in 6 verses

  • Leviticus 11:29 These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind,
  • 1 Samuel 6:4 Then said they, What shall be the trespass offering which we shall return to him? They answered, Five golden emerods, and five golden mice, according to the number of the lords of the Philistines: for one plague was on you all, and on your lords.
  • 1 Samuel 6:11 And they laid the ark of the LORD upon the cart, and the coffer with the mice of gold and the images of their emerods.