Of all clean birds ye shall eat.

DEUTERONOMY 14:11KJV
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What does Deuteronomy 14:11 mean?

Deuteronomy 14:11 states that the Israelites are allowed to eat any birds that are considered "clean." This verse sets a basic rule about which birds are permitted as food, according to the standards given by God to the people of Israel.

In this passage, Moses is speaking to the Israelites as they prepare to enter the land of Canaan. The context is a set of dietary laws meant to distinguish the Israelites from other nations. The verse introduces a section that will go on to list which birds are "clean" and therefore allowed, and which are "unclean" and forbidden.

The Hebrew behind Deuteronomy 14:11

  • "clean" (טָהוֹר, tahor): This word means ritually pure or acceptable. In the context of food, it refers to animals that meet specific requirements set out in the law, making them suitable for eating.
  • "birds" (צִפּוֹר, tsippor): This term generally means birds or flying creatures. The law will soon specify which types of birds fit into the "clean" category.
  • "eat" (אָכַל, akhal): This is the common Hebrew word for eating or consuming food. Here, it gives permission to eat certain birds, not just to possess them.

Why Deuteronomy 14:11 matters

  • Deuteronomy 14:11 clarifies that not all birds are forbidden; only specific ones are restricted, which counters the idea that ancient Israelite law was overly strict or arbitrary.
  • This verse introduces a longer section that helps the Israelites understand how to maintain ritual purity through their diet, showing the importance of daily choices in their relationship with God.
  • By distinguishing between "clean" and "unclean," the verse sets up a pattern of living that marks the Israelites as different from surrounding peoples, emphasizing their unique identity.

Where else these words appear

“birds” Hebrew H6833 · used in 36 verses

  • Genesis 7:14 They, and every beast after his kind, and all the cattle after their kind, and every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind, and every fowl after his kind, every bird of every sort.
  • Deuteronomy 4:17 The likeness of any beast that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged fowl that flieth in the air,
  • Proverbs 7:23 Till a dart strike through his liver; as a bird hasteth to the snare, and knoweth not that it is for his life.

“clean” Hebrew H2889 · used in 87 verses

  • Genesis 7:2 Of every clean beast thou shalt take to thee by sevens, the male and his female: and of beasts that are not clean by two, the male and his female.
  • Exodus 39:25 And they made bells of pure gold, and put the bells between the pomegranates upon the hem of the robe, round about between the pomegranates;
  • Numbers 19:19 And the clean person shall sprinkle upon the unclean on the third day, and on the seventh day: and on the seventh day he shall purify himself, and wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and shall be clean at even.