Deuteronomy 18:3 (KJV)

What does Deuteronomy 18:3 mean?

Deuteronomy 18:3 explains that when an Israelite offers an ox or sheep as a sacrifice, certain parts of the animal—the shoulder, the two cheeks, and the maw—must be given to the priest as their rightful share. This rule sets out what the priests are to receive from the people’s sacrifices.

In this verse, Moses is instructing the Israelites about how to support the priests, who serve in religious duties and do not have land of their own. The verse lists specific parts of the sacrificed animals that belong to the priest, making clear the practical arrangements for their provision. This is part of a larger section where Moses outlines the rights and responsibilities of Israel’s religious leaders.

The Hebrew behind Deuteronomy 18:3

• "priest's" (כֹּהֵן, kohen): This word means "priest," referring to the descendants of Aaron who served in the sanctuary. The verse is about their entitlement from the sacrifices.
• "due" (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat): This word is often understood as "legal right" or "customary due," emphasizing that what the priest receives is not a gift but a rightful portion established by law.
• "shoulder" (זְרוֹעַ, zeroa): This refers to the foreleg or shoulder of the animal, a valuable and meaty part, showing that the priest’s share was substantial and not just leftovers.
• "maw" (קֵבָה, qebah): This word means the stomach or the inner part of the animal, which was considered a delicacy in ancient times. Its inclusion shows the priest received both practical and honored portions.

Why Deuteronomy 18:3 matters

• Deuteronomy 18:3 clarifies that the priests’ support came from the community’s offerings, not from land or independent wealth, highlighting their dependence on the people’s faithfulness.
• The verse shows that the priests’ share was determined by law, not by the generosity or mood of the giver, ensuring fairness and stability for those serving in religious roles.
• This instruction connects to the broader theme in Deuteronomy of setting apart and providing for those who serve God and the community, reinforcing the importance of shared responsibility.