Deuteronomy 5:20 (KJV)

What does Deuteronomy 5:20 mean?

Deuteronomy 5:20 commands people not to give false testimony or lie about others, especially in legal or community matters. The verse is a clear instruction that forbids speaking untruthfully against a neighbor, protecting both justice and personal reputation.

In this verse, Moses is speaking to the Israelites as they prepare to enter the Promised Land, repeating the Ten Commandments. The commandment addresses the importance of honesty in society, especially in situations where someone’s words could harm another person’s standing or life. It highlights the seriousness of truthfulness in maintaining trust and fairness among people.

The Hebrew behind Deuteronomy 5:20

• "bear" (עָנָה, ‘anah): This word often means "to answer" or "to respond," but here it refers to giving testimony or making a statement, especially in a legal setting. It shows that the commandment is about more than just casual conversation; it is about formal statements that affect others.
• "false" (שָׁוְא, shav’): This word means "falsehood," "emptiness," or "deceit." It emphasizes that the commandment is not just about mistakes or misunderstandings, but about intentional dishonesty or deception.
• "witness" (עֵד, ‘ed): This word means "witness" or "testimony." It highlights the legal context, where a person’s words could determine another’s fate.
• "neighbour" (רֵעַ, re‘a): This word refers to a fellow member of the community, not just someone living next door. It broadens the command to include anyone within the social group, stressing community responsibility.

Why Deuteronomy 5:20 matters

• Deuteronomy 5:20 clarifies that honesty is not just a personal virtue but a foundation for justice and community life, especially in legal matters where lives and reputations are at stake.
• The verse shows that the commandment is not limited to courtroom settings; it applies to any situation where someone could harm another by spreading lies or false accusations.
• By repeating this commandment as the Israelites prepare to form a new society, Moses emphasizes that truthfulness is essential for a healthy, trustworthy community.