Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they are brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are even the dross of silver.

EZEKIEL 22:18KJV
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Ezekiel 22:18 (KJV)

What does Ezekiel 22:18 mean?

Ezekiel 22:18 says that God sees the people of Israel as dross—the worthless waste left over when metals are refined—rather than as precious metal. The verse uses the image of a furnace full of base metals and impurities to show that Israel, in God’s eyes, has lost its purity and value because of their actions.

In this verse, God is speaking to Ezekiel, calling him “son of man,” and telling him to deliver a message to the people of Israel. The situation is one of judgment: Israel has become corrupt, and God uses the picture of a smelting furnace to describe them as being like brass, tin, iron, and lead—all mixed together as dross, rather than pure silver. This sets the stage for the coming judgment and purification described in the rest of the chapter.

The Hebrew behind Ezekiel 22:18

  • דֶּרֶךְ (dross, transliterated as sig): This word means the waste or impurities that are separated from metal during the refining process. In this verse, it emphasizes that Israel is not just impure, but is the very material that is thrown away.
  • נְחֹשֶׁת (brass, transliterated as nechoshet), בְּדִיל (tin, bedil), בַּרְזֶל (iron, barzel), עֹפֶרֶת (lead, opheret): These are all base metals, not precious like silver (kesef). Listing them highlights that Israel is being compared to common, less valuable materials, not something treasured.
  • כֶּסֶף (silver, kesef): Silver is the precious metal being refined, but Israel is called the dross of silver, not the silver itself. This sharpens the contrast between what God desires (purity) and what He finds (impurity).

Why Ezekiel 22:18 matters

  • This verse clears up that God’s complaint is not just about minor flaws, but about deep corruption—Israel is described as the waste left after refining, not just as impure silver.
  • The imagery of the furnace and metals sets up the theme of judgment and purification that runs through Ezekiel 22, showing that God’s response will be thorough and searching.
  • Understanding the specific metals listed helps the reader see that Israel is being compared to things of little worth, which would have been a strong and shocking statement to Ezekiel’s audience.

Where else these words appear

“tin” Hebrew H913 · used in 6 verses

  • Numbers 31:22 Only the gold, and the silver, the brass, the iron, the tin, and the lead,
  • Isaiah 1:25 And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin:
  • Ezekiel 27:12 Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs.

“dross” Hebrew H5509 · used in 7 verses

  • Psalms 119:119 Thou puttest away all the wicked of the earth like dross: therefore I love thy testimonies.
  • Proverbs 26:23 Burning lips and a wicked heart are like a potsherd covered with silver dross.
  • Isaiah 1:25 And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin:

“lead” Hebrew H5777 · used in 9 verses

  • Exodus 15:10 Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them: they sank as lead in the mighty waters.
  • Job 19:24 That they were graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock for ever!
  • Ezekiel 27:12 Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs.

“furnace” Hebrew H3564 · used in 9 verses

  • Deuteronomy 4:20 But the LORD hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the iron furnace, even out of Egypt, to be unto him a people of inheritance, as ye are this day.
  • Proverbs 17:3 The fining pot is for silver, and the furnace for gold: but the LORD trieth the hearts.
  • Jeremiah 11:4 Which I commanded your fathers in the day that I brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, from the iron furnace, saying, Obey my voice, and do them, according to all which I command you: so shall ye be my people, and I will be your God: