And the sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan.

GENESIS 10:6KJV
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What does Genesis 10:6 mean?

Genesis 10:6 lists the sons of Ham as Cush, Mizraim, Phut, and Canaan. This verse is part of a genealogy showing the descendants of Noah’s son Ham, who became the ancestors of various peoples and nations.

Genesis 10:6 is found in a section often called the "Table of Nations," where the writer (traditionally understood to be Moses) records the family lines after the flood. These names represent not just individuals but also the origins of groups and regions in the ancient world, helping readers trace the roots of different peoples mentioned later in the Bible.

The Hebrew behind Genesis 10:6

  • חָם (ḥam; "Ham"): This name refers to one of Noah’s three sons. In the ancient context, Ham is often associated with regions in Africa and the Near East.
  • כּוּשׁ (kush; "Cush"): Cush is often linked with areas south of Egypt, such as Nubia or Ethiopia, showing the broad geographic spread of Ham’s descendants.
  • מִצְרַיִם (mitzrayim; "Mizraim"): This name is the usual Hebrew word for Egypt, indicating that the Egyptians were considered descendants of Ham.
  • פּוּט (put; "Phut"): Phut is less certain but is often connected with regions in North Africa, possibly Libya.
  • כְּנַעַן (kena‘an; "Canaan"): Canaan refers to the people and land later central in the biblical story, especially in relation to Israel.

Why Genesis 10:6 matters

  • Genesis 10:6 helps clarify the origins of several ancient nations and peoples, which appear throughout the rest of the Bible.
  • This verse shows how the biblical writers understood the spread of humanity after the flood, connecting names to both individuals and regions.
  • Understanding these names and their associations helps make sense of later biblical stories involving Egypt, Canaan, and other nations descended from Ham.

Where else these words appear

“Phut” Hebrew H6316 · used in 7 verses

  • 1 Chronicles 1:8 The sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.
  • Ezekiel 27:10 They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.
  • Ezekiel 38:5 Persia, Ethiopia, and Libya with them; all of them with shield and helmet:

“Ham” Hebrew H2526 · used in 15 verses

  • Genesis 5:32 And Noah was five hundred years old: and Noah begat Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
  • Genesis 9:22 And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without.
  • 1 Chronicles 4:40 And they found fat pasture and good, and the land was wide, and quiet, and peaceable; for they of Ham had dwelt there of old.

“Cush” Hebrew H3568 · used in 30 verses

  • Genesis 2:13 And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia.
  • Job 28:19 The topaz of Ethiopia shall not equal it, neither shall it be valued with pure gold.
  • Isaiah 43:3 For I am the LORD thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee.

“Canaan” Hebrew H3667 · used in 91 verses

  • Genesis 9:18 And the sons of Noah, that went forth of the ark, were Shem, and Ham, and Japheth: and Ham is the father of Canaan.
  • Genesis 45:25 And they went up out of Egypt, and came into the land of Canaan unto Jacob their father,
  • Numbers 35:14 Ye shall give three cities on this side Jordan, and three cities shall ye give in the land of Canaan, which shall be cities of refuge.