The small and great are there; and the servant is free from his master.

JOB 3:19KJV
Know the Bible

What does Job 3:19 mean?

Job 3:19 says that in death, both the powerless and the powerful are together, and those who were servants are no longer under the authority of their masters. The verse highlights the idea that death brings an end to all social differences and hierarchies.

Job is speaking these words in deep sorrow, lamenting his own birth and the suffering he now faces. In this chapter, Job wishes he had never been born, describing the grave as a place where all people—regardless of their status in life—are equal, and the struggles of servitude and power no longer exist.

The Hebrew behind Job 3:19

  • "small" (קָטֹן, qāṭōn): This word means someone of low status or little importance. Job uses it to show that even those considered insignificant in life are present in death.
  • "great" (גָּדוֹל, gādōl): This refers to someone of high status or power. The pairing with "small" emphasizes that both ends of society meet the same fate.
  • "servant" (עֶבֶד, ʿeved): This word means a person in a position of service or slavery. Job points out that even those who were bound to serve are now free.
  • "free" (חָפְשִׁי, ḥofshī): This means released or unbound. In the grave, the servant is no longer under obligation or control.
  • "master" (אָדוֹן, ʾādōn): This means lord or one in authority. The verse stresses that the relationship of power between master and servant ends at death.

Why Job 3:19 matters

  • Job 3:19 makes clear that death is seen as a great equalizer, removing all the differences that separate people in life, such as status, power, and freedom.
  • The verse helps explain the depth of Job’s despair, as he longs for relief from suffering and sees the grave as a place of rest from life’s burdens.
  • This statement connects to the wider theme in Job 3, where Job questions the meaning of suffering and the fairness of life, setting the stage for the discussions that follow in the book.

Where else these words appear

“free” Hebrew H2670 · used in 17 verses

  • Exodus 21:2 If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.
  • Deuteronomy 15:13 And when thou sendest him out free from thee, thou shalt not let him go away empty:
  • Isaiah 58:6 Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke?

“small” Hebrew H6996 · used in 100 verses

  • Genesis 1:16 And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.
  • 1 Samuel 15:17 And Samuel said, When thou wast little in thine own sight, wast thou not made the head of the tribes of Israel, and the LORD anointed thee king over Israel?
  • 2 Chronicles 31:15 And next him were Eden, and Miniamin, and Jeshua, and Shemaiah, Amariah, and Shecaniah, in the cities of the priests, in their set office, to give to their brethren by courses, as well to the great as to the small: