And there was not a man left in Ai or Bethel, that went not out after Israel: and they left the city open, and pursued after Israel.

JOSHUA 8:17KJV
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What does Joshua 8:17 mean?

Joshua 8:17 describes how every man from the cities of Ai and Bethel left their towns to chase after the Israelites, leaving their own cities completely unguarded and open. This detail sets up the next part of the story, where the Israelites use this opportunity to attack the now-empty city.

In the story, Joshua is leading Israel in a military strategy against Ai. The people of Ai and Bethel, thinking they have the upper hand, rush out together in pursuit of Israel, not realizing they are falling into a trap. The verse highlights the total absence of defenders in Ai and Bethel, which is crucial for understanding how the Israelites are able to capture the city so easily.

The Hebrew behind Joshua 8:17

  • The word for "left" (שָׁאַר, sha'ar) is used here to show that not a single man remained behind; the emphasis is on the complete evacuation.
  • "City" (עִיר, 'ir) refers specifically to the fortified town, underlining that the place itself was left completely open and vulnerable.
  • "Open" (פָּתוּחַ, patuach) means unbarred or without protection, stressing just how exposed Ai was at this moment.
  • The verb "pursued" (רָדַף, radaf) carries the sense of an active chase, showing the eagerness and confidence of Ai and Bethel’s men as they go after Israel.

Why Joshua 8:17 matters

  • This verse clears up any question about whether anyone stayed behind to defend Ai or Bethel; the text is clear that every able man left, which is key to the Israelites’ success.
  • The detail about the cities being left "open" highlights the effectiveness of Joshua’s strategy and the overconfidence of Ai and Bethel.
  • Understanding this moment helps make sense of the following verses, where the Israelites are able to take the city without resistance, showing the turning point in the battle.

Where else these words appear

“Ai” Hebrew H5857 · used in 34 verses

  • Genesis 12:8 And he removed from thence unto a mountain on the east of Bethel, and pitched his tent, having Bethel on the west, and Hai on the east: and there he builded an altar unto the LORD, and called upon the name of the LORD.
  • Joshua 8:11 And all the people, even the people of war that were with him, went up, and drew nigh, and came before the city, and pitched on the north side of Ai: now there was a valley between them and Ai.
  • Joshua 8:28 And Joshua burnt Ai, and made it an heap for ever, even a desolation unto this day.

“Bethel” Hebrew H1008 · used in 63 verses

  • Genesis 12:8 And he removed from thence unto a mountain on the east of Bethel, and pitched his tent, having Bethel on the west, and Hai on the east: and there he builded an altar unto the LORD, and called upon the name of the LORD.
  • Judges 1:23 And the house of Joseph sent to descry Bethel.(Now the name of the city before was Luz.)
  • 2 Kings 2:23 And he went up from thence unto Bethel: and as he was going up by the way, there came forth little children out of the city, and mocked him, and said unto him, Go up, thou bald head; go up, thou bald head.

“left” Hebrew H7604 · used in 123 verses

  • Genesis 7:23 And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face of the ground, both man, and cattle, and the creeping things, and the fowl of the heaven; and they were destroyed from the earth: and Noah only remained alive, and they that were with him in the ark.
  • Joshua 13:2 This is the land that yet remaineth: all the borders of the Philistines, and all Geshuri,
  • Nehemiah 1:2 That Hanani, one of my brethren, came, he and certain men of Judah; and I asked them concerning the Jews that had escaped, which were left of the captivity, and concerning Jerusalem.

“open” Hebrew H6605 · used in 133 verses

  • Genesis 7:11 In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened.
  • Nehemiah 6:5 Then sent Sanballat his servant unto me in like manner the fifth time with an open letter in his hand;
  • Isaiah 14:17 That made the world as a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof; that opened not the house of his prisoners?