And Gaal the son of Ebed said, Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? is not he the son of Jerubbaal? and Zebul his officer? serve the men of Hamor the father of Shechem: for why should we serve him?

JUDGES 9:28KJV
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What does Judges 9:28 mean?

Judges 9:28 shows Gaal, son of Ebed, publicly questioning Abimelech’s right to rule over Shechem and stirring up the people against him. Gaal challenges Abimelech’s authority by pointing out that Abimelech is only the son of Jerubbaal (Gideon) and that the people of Shechem should serve their own traditional leaders instead.

Gaal is speaking to the people of Shechem at a time when Abimelech, who had made himself king, was ruling over them. Gaal’s words are meant to provoke doubt about Abimelech’s legitimacy, suggesting that Abimelech is an outsider and that Zebul, his officer, is just his subordinate. Gaal argues that the people should serve the descendants of Hamor, the original founder of Shechem, rather than Abimelech, highlighting a conflict over local versus outside leadership.

The Hebrew behind Judges 9:28

  • עָבַד (ʿavad, “serve”): This word appears several times in the verse, emphasizing the question of loyalty and authority—who the people should truly serve. Gaal uses it to challenge the people’s allegiance.
  • שְׁכֶם (Shekhem, “Shechem”): Gaal refers to the city and its people, stressing their identity and heritage, which he contrasts with Abimelech’s background.
  • חֲמוֹר (Hamor, “Hamor”): Mentioning Hamor, the father of Shechem, Gaal appeals to ancestral roots, suggesting the people should follow their own lineage rather than a foreign ruler.

Why Judges 9:28 matters

  • This verse highlights the political tension and shifting loyalties in Shechem, showing how leadership was contested and not universally accepted.
  • Gaal’s speech reveals the importance of heritage and local identity in ancient Israelite society, as he tries to rally the people around their own traditions rather than an imposed ruler.
  • Understanding this challenge to Abimelech helps explain the conflict that unfolds in the following verses, setting the stage for the power struggle and eventual downfall of Abimelech’s rule.

Where else these words appear

“Zebul” Hebrew H2083 · used in 5 verses

  • Judges 9:30 And when Zebul the ruler of the city heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, his anger was kindled.
  • Judges 9:36 And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, Behold, there come people down from the top of the mountains. And Zebul said unto him, Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as if they were men.
  • Judges 9:38 Then said Zebul unto him, Where is now thy mouth, wherewith thou saidst, Who is Abimelech, that we should serve him? is not this the people that thou hast despised? go out, I pray now, and fight with them.

“Ebed” Hebrew H5651 · used in 6 verses

  • Judges 9:26 And Gaal the son of Ebed came with his brethren, and went over to Shechem: and the men of Shechem put their confidence in him.
  • Judges 9:30 And when Zebul the ruler of the city heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, his anger was kindled.
  • Judges 9:35 And Gaal the son of Ebed went out, and stood in the entering of the gate of the city: and Abimelech rose up, and the people that were with him, from lying in wait.

“Gaal” Hebrew H1603 · used in 9 verses

  • Judges 9:26 And Gaal the son of Ebed came with his brethren, and went over to Shechem: and the men of Shechem put their confidence in him.
  • Judges 9:31 And he sent messengers unto Abimelech privily, saying, Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren be come to Shechem; and, behold, they fortify the city against thee.
  • Judges 9:37 And Gaal spake again and said, See there come people down by the middle of the land, and another company come along by the plain of Meonenim.

“Hamor” Hebrew H2544 · used in 12 verses

  • Genesis 33:19 And he bought a parcel of a field, where he had spread his tent, at the hand of the children of Hamor, Shechem's father, for an hundred pieces of money.
  • Genesis 34:6 And Hamor the father of Shechem went out unto Jacob to commune with him.
  • Genesis 34:20 And Hamor and Shechem his son came unto the gate of their city, and communed with the men of their city, saying,