Leviticus 16:31 (KJV)

What does Leviticus 16:31 mean?

Leviticus 16:31 tells the Israelites that the Day of Atonement is to be a special day of complete rest, like a sabbath, and that they are to "afflict" their souls—meaning to humble themselves, often understood as fasting—by a permanent law. This verse sets apart the Day of Atonement as a solemn, recurring observance requiring both rest and self-denial.

In this verse, God is speaking to Moses, giving instructions for the people of Israel about how to observe the Day of Atonement. The command includes not working and practicing self-denial, which was a way for the people to show humility and repentance before God. The verse emphasizes that this practice is not temporary but is to be observed "forever" as a lasting ordinance for the community.

The Hebrew behind Leviticus 16:31

• שַׁבָּת (shabbat; sabbath): This word means a day of rest or cessation from work. Here, it shows that the Day of Atonement is to be treated with the same seriousness as the weekly Sabbath, not just as another festival day.
• עָנָה (anah; afflict): This verb means to humble or afflict, often by fasting or denying oneself pleasures. It highlights that the observance is not just about outward ritual but about inward humility and self-examination.
• נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh; souls): This word refers to the whole person or life, not just the inner spirit. The command to "afflict your souls" means the entire person is involved in this act of humility, not just a feeling or thought.
• חֻקָּה (chuqqah; statute): This word means a fixed, established law or ordinance. Its use here underlines that this command is not optional or temporary but meant to be a permanent part of Israel's worship.
• עוֹלָם (olam; ever): This word means "forever" or "perpetually." It stresses the lasting nature of this command, showing that it is meant for all generations.

Why Leviticus 16:31 matters

• Leviticus 16:31 clarifies that the Day of Atonement is not just another holiday but a day set apart with the same seriousness as the Sabbath, requiring both rest and self-denial.
• The verse makes clear that humbling oneself is not just an emotional attitude but involves concrete actions, like fasting, that affect the whole person.
• By calling this a "statute forever," the verse connects the Day of Atonement to the ongoing identity and spiritual life of the Israelite community, showing its central place in their relationship with God.