For the ships of Chittim shall come against him: therefore he shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy covenant: so shall he do; he shall even return, and have intelligence with them that forsake the holy covenant.

DANIEL 11:30KJV
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What does Daniel 11:30 mean?

Daniel 11:30 describes a powerful ruler being opposed by ships from Chittim, causing him distress and anger. In response, he turns back, becomes hostile toward the holy covenant, and aligns himself with those who abandon that covenant.

This verse is part of a prophecy given to Daniel about future conflicts involving foreign powers and their impact on the Jewish people. The "ships of Chittim" likely refer to western naval forces (often understood as coming from the Mediterranean region), and the "holy covenant" points to the special relationship between God and Israel. The verse highlights a turning point where the ruler, frustrated by outside resistance, targets the faith and practices of the Jewish people and collaborates with those who have already forsaken their commitment to God.

The Hebrew behind Daniel 11:30

  • חִתִּים (Chittim, H3794): This word refers to a region often identified with Cyprus or western Mediterranean lands. Its use here signals a foreign, western intervention that disrupts the ruler’s plans.
  • בְּרִית (berit, H1285): Translated as "covenant," this word specifically means a solemn agreement or relationship, here pointing to the special bond between God and His people. The ruler’s "indignation against the holy covenant" shows a direct attack on the religious identity of Israel.
  • יָשׁוּב (yashuv, H7725): Meaning "return," this word appears twice, emphasizing the ruler’s change in direction—first turning back from his campaign, then turning his attention against the covenant.
  • יָבִין (yavin, H995): Translated "have intelligence with," this word means to understand or act with insight. Here, it suggests the ruler forms a deliberate alliance or understanding with those who have already abandoned the covenant, making his opposition more strategic.

Why Daniel 11:30 matters

  • Daniel 11:30 clarifies that the ruler’s hostility toward the Jewish faith is not just a random act but a reaction to being thwarted by outside forces, showing how political events can drive religious persecution.
  • The verse highlights the seriousness of forsaking the "holy covenant," as those who abandon it become allies to the ruler’s agenda, deepening the crisis for the faithful.
  • Understanding the historical and prophetic context of "Chittim" and the "holy covenant" helps readers see how this verse fits into the broader narrative of Daniel, where foreign powers repeatedly challenge the faithfulness of God’s people.

Where else these words appear

“grieved” Hebrew H3512 · used in 3 verses

  • Psalms 109:16 Because that he remembered not to shew mercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken in heart.
  • Ezekiel 13:22 Because with lies ye have made the heart of the righteous sad, whom I have not made sad; and strengthened the hands of the wicked, that he should not return from his wicked way, by promising him life:

“ships” Hebrew H6716 · used in 4 verses

  • Numbers 24:24 And ships shall come from the coast of Chittim, and shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber, and he also shall perish for ever.
  • Isaiah 33:21 But there the glorious LORD will be unto us a place of broad rivers and streams; wherein shall go no galley with oars, neither shall gallant ship pass thereby.
  • Ezekiel 30:9 In that day shall messengers go forth from me in ships to make the careless Ethiopians afraid, and great pain shall come upon them, as in the day of Egypt: for, lo, it cometh.

“Chittim” Hebrew H3794 · used in 8 verses

  • Genesis 10:4 And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.
  • 1 Chronicles 1:7 And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.
  • Isaiah 23:12 And he said, Thou shalt no more rejoice, O thou oppressed virgin, daughter of Zidon: arise, pass over to Chittim; there also shalt thou have no rest.

“indignation” Hebrew H2194 · used in 11 verses

  • Numbers 23:7 And he took up his parable, and said, Balak the king of Moab hath brought me from Aram, out of the mountains of the east, saying, Come, curse me Jacob, and come, defy Israel.
  • Proverbs 22:14 The mouth of strange women is a deep pit: he that is abhorred of the LORD shall fall therein.
  • Isaiah 66:14 And when ye see this, your heart shall rejoice, and your bones shall flourish like an herb: and the hand of the LORD shall be known toward his servants, and his indignation toward his enemies.