The waters made him great, the deep set him up on high with her rivers running round about his plants, and sent out her little rivers unto all the trees of the field.

EZEKIEL 31:4KJV
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What does Ezekiel 31:4 mean?

Ezekiel 31:4 describes how abundant waters nourished and elevated a great tree, making it flourish and spread its influence to other trees in the field. The verse uses the image of rivers and streams surrounding and feeding the tree’s roots and branches to show how it grew strong and tall.

In this chapter, God is speaking through Ezekiel to the Pharaoh of Egypt, comparing Egypt to a mighty tree—specifically, the cedar of Assyria. The verse paints a picture of how the tree’s greatness came from the deep waters that supported it, not from itself. This sets up a warning that just as the tree’s strength depended on outside sources, so too does Egypt’s power, and it can be taken away.

The Hebrew behind Ezekiel 31:4

  • waters (מַיִם, mayim): This word points to the life-giving source that made the tree great, emphasizing that its strength was not self-made.
  • great (גָּדַל, gadal): Often means to become large or important; here, it highlights the tree’s impressive stature due to external support.
  • deep (תְּהוֹם, tehom): Refers to the vast, mysterious depths of water, suggesting abundance and hidden support beneath the surface.
  • rivers (נָהָר, nahar) and little rivers (פָּלְגָּה, palgah): The main rivers and smaller channels both contribute to nourishing the tree and spreading water to other trees, showing how the tree’s prosperity benefits its surroundings.

Why Ezekiel 31:4 matters

  • Ezekiel 31:4 clarifies that the tree’s greatness is not due to its own power but to the resources provided to it, which is a subtle warning to Egypt about pride and dependence.
  • The verse connects Egypt’s situation to that of Assyria, showing that even the mightiest nations rely on outside factors and can fall if those are removed.
  • This imagery sets the stage for the judgment that follows in the chapter, making the warning more vivid and relatable for Ezekiel’s audience.

Where else these words appear

“plants” Hebrew H4302 · used in 6 verses

  • Isaiah 60:21 Thy people also shall be all righteous: they shall inherit the land for ever, the branch of my planting, the work of my hands, that I may be glorified.
  • Isaiah 61:3 To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he might be glorified.
  • Ezekiel 34:29 And I will raise up for them a plant of renown, and they shall be no more consumed with hunger in the land, neither bear the shame of the heathen any more.

“rivers” Hebrew H8585 · used in 11 verses

  • 1 Kings 18:32 And with the stones he built an altar in the name of the LORD: and he made a trench about the altar, as great as would contain two measures of seed.
  • 2 Kings 18:17 And the king of Assyria sent Tartan and Rabsaris and Rabshakeh from Lachish to king Hezekiah with a great host against Jerusalem. And they went up and came to Jerusalem. And when they were come up, they came and stood by the conduit of the upper pool, which is in the highway of the fuller's field.
  • Isaiah 7:3 Then said the LORD unto Isaiah, Go forth now to meet Ahaz, thou, and Shearjashub thy son, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller's field;

“deep” Hebrew H8415 · used in 35 verses

  • Genesis 1:2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
  • Job 41:32 He maketh a path to shine after him; one would think the deep to be hoary.
  • Psalms 148:7 Praise the LORD from the earth, ye dragons, and all deeps:

“rivers” Hebrew H5104 · used in 109 verses

  • Genesis 2:10 And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.
  • Ezra 8:31 Then we departed from the river of Ahava on the twelfth day of the first month, to go unto Jerusalem: and the hand of our God was upon us, and he delivered us from the hand of the enemy, and of such as lay in wait by the way.
  • Isaiah 42:15 I will make waste mountains and hills, and dry up all their herbs; and I will make the rivers islands, and I will dry up the pools.