Deuteronomy 27:23 (KJV)

What does Deuteronomy 27:23 mean?

Deuteronomy 27:23 states that anyone who has sexual relations with his mother-in-law is under a curse, and the gathered people are to affirm this by saying “Amen.” The verse is part of a series of curses pronounced to warn against specific forbidden behaviors as Israel prepares to enter the Promised Land.

This verse is spoken by the Levites to all Israel as part of a public ceremony on Mount Ebal, where the people agree to uphold God’s laws. The focus here is on a sexual relationship that was considered a serious violation of family boundaries and community holiness. The people’s response of “Amen” shows their agreement with the standard and the seriousness of the warning.

The Hebrew behind Deuteronomy 27:23

• Cursed (אָרוּר, ’arur, H779): This word means “cursed” or “under a curse.” It signals a strong warning that the person who commits this act is set apart for judgment or misfortune, not just disapproval.
• Lieth (שָׁכַב, shakav, H7901): This verb is often used in the Hebrew Bible for sexual relations. Its use here makes clear that the verse refers specifically to a sexual act, not just sharing a bed or living together.
• Law (חָמוֹת, chamot, H2859): This word refers to a mother-in-law. The verse singles out this relationship, which was strictly forbidden in Israelite law.
• People (עָם, ‘am, H5971): This word means “people” or “community.” The whole assembly is involved, showing that this is a communal standard, not just a private matter.
• Say (אָמַר, ’amar, H559): This verb means “to say” or “to declare.” The people’s spoken response is an important part of affirming the law.
• Amen (אָמֵן, amen, H543): This word means “so be it” or “truly.” The people’s “Amen” is a solemn agreement, not just a routine response.

Why Deuteronomy 27:23 matters

• Deuteronomy 27:23 clarifies that certain sexual relationships were not just discouraged but placed under a curse, showing the seriousness with which these boundaries were treated in ancient Israel.
• The verse highlights the communal nature of Israel’s covenant, as the people’s collective “Amen” makes everyone responsible for upholding these standards.
• This curse is part of a larger list, helping to show which behaviors were considered especially damaging to the community’s moral and spiritual health.