He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.

JOHN 21:17KJV
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John 21:17 (KJV)

What does John 21:17 mean?

John 21:17 shows Jesus asking Peter a third time if he loves Him, and Peter, hurt by the repeated question, insists that Jesus knows everything—including Peter’s love for Him. Jesus responds by telling Peter to care for His followers, using the phrase “Feed my sheep.”

In this verse, Jesus is speaking to Simon Peter after His resurrection, during a conversation by the Sea of Galilee. The threefold question echoes Peter’s earlier three denials of Jesus, giving Peter a chance to reaffirm his love and loyalty. Jesus’ instruction, “Feed my sheep,” makes clear that Peter is being given responsibility to look after and guide Jesus’ followers.

The Greek behind John 21:17

  • “Lovest” (φιλεῖς, phileis): The Greek word here means a deep, brotherly affection or friendship. Earlier in the conversation, Jesus used a different word for love (ἀγαπᾷς, agapas), but here He uses the same word Peter has been using, which may show Jesus meeting Peter where he is emotionally.
  • “Feed” (βόσκε, boske): This word means to tend, care for, or shepherd, not just to give food. Jesus is telling Peter to take on the role of a shepherd, guiding and caring for the community of believers.
  • “Sheep” (πρόβατα, probata): This is a common image for Jesus’ followers, showing their need for care, guidance, and protection.

Why John 21:17 matters

  • John 21:17 clears up that Jesus is restoring Peter after his earlier denials, not shaming him, by giving him a new commission.
  • The verse emphasizes that love for Jesus is shown through caring for others, not just through words or feelings.
  • This moment connects Peter’s personal story to the larger mission of the early church, showing how leadership is rooted in humble love and service.