And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the LORD God of Israel. And all the congregation murmured against the princes.

JOSHUA 9:18KJV
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What does Joshua 9:18 mean?

Joshua 9:18 explains that the Israelites did not attack a certain group because their leaders had made a sworn promise to them in the name of the LORD, the God of Israel. As a result, the rest of the people were upset and complained against their leaders for this decision.

In this scene, the Israelites had just discovered that the Gibeonites had tricked them into making a peace treaty. The leaders (called "princes") had sworn an oath by the LORD, so they felt bound to keep their word, even though the people were unhappy about it. This verse highlights the tension between keeping a solemn promise and the congregation’s frustration over being deceived.

The Hebrew behind Joshua 9:18

  • "Princes" (נָשִׂיא, nasi'): This word refers to the leading officials or chiefs among the Israelites. Their authority and decisions carried significant weight, which is why the congregation directed their complaints toward them.
  • "Sworn" (שָׁבַע, shava'): This word means to make a solemn oath or promise, often invoking God as a witness. The seriousness of this oath is why the leaders felt they could not break it, even under difficult circumstances.
  • "Murmured" (לוּן, lun): This word means to grumble or complain, often used in the context of the Israelites expressing dissatisfaction or protest, especially against their leaders.

Why Joshua 9:18 matters

  • Joshua 9:18 shows how seriously oaths made in God’s name were taken in ancient Israel, even when keeping them was unpopular or inconvenient.
  • The verse highlights the responsibility and pressure on leaders to act with integrity, even when their choices lead to public discontent.
  • This moment connects to the broader story of Israel’s conquest of Canaan, showing the consequences of decisions made without seeking God’s guidance and the importance of honoring commitments.

Where else these words appear

“murmured” Hebrew H3885 · used in 79 verses

  • Genesis 19:2 And he said, Behold now, my lords, turn in, I pray you, into your servant's house, and tarry all night, and wash your feet, and ye shall rise up early, and go on your ways. And they said, Nay; but we will abide in the street all night.
  • Joshua 3:1 And Joshua rose early in the morning; and they removed from Shittim, and came to Jordan, he and all the children of Israel, and lodged there before they passed over.
  • Job 17:2 Are there not mockers with me? and doth not mine eye continue in their provocation?

“princes” Hebrew H5387 · used in 120 verses

  • Genesis 17:20 And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation.
  • Numbers 7:54 On the eighth day offered Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur, prince of the children of Manasseh:
  • 2 Chronicles 5:2 Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the chief of the fathers of the children of Israel, unto Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of the city of David, which is Zion.

“congregation” Hebrew H5712 · used in 140 verses

  • Exodus 12:3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house:
  • Numbers 15:24 Then it shall be, if ought be committed by ignorance without the knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one young bullock for a burnt offering, for a sweet savour unto the LORD, with his meat offering, and his drink offering, according to the manner, and one kid of the goats for a sin offering.
  • Numbers 31:13 And Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and all the princes of the congregation, went forth to meet them without the camp.