Exodus 12:3 (KJV)

What does Exodus 12:3 mean?

Exodus 12:3 instructs the Israelites, through Moses, to select a lamb for each household on the tenth day of the month as part of the preparations for the first Passover. Each family is to choose one lamb per household, following the traditions of their ancestors.

God is speaking to Moses, who is then to relay these instructions to "all the congregation of Israel." The setting is just before the final plague in Egypt, and this command begins the detailed directions for the Passover meal. The verse emphasizes the importance of every household participating and the careful timing of the event.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 12:3

• "Congregation" (עֵדָה, edah): This word refers to the whole community or assembly of Israel, highlighting that the instruction is for everyone, not just a select group.
• "Lamb" (שֶׂה, seh): The term used here can mean either a lamb or a young goat, so the animal chosen could be from either sheep or goats, as long as it fit the requirements given later.
• "House" (בַּיִת, bayit): The instruction is for each household, making the observance personal and family-centered rather than just a national or tribal event.

Why Exodus 12:3 matters

• This verse marks the beginning of the Passover instructions, which become a central tradition for the Jewish people and a key moment in the story of the Exodus.
• By specifying "every man a lamb... a lamb for an house," the verse stresses the personal responsibility and participation of each family in the act of deliverance.
• The timing ("the tenth day of this month") shows that the ritual is not random but carefully appointed, underscoring the importance of obedience and preparation in the unfolding events.