The chief of the people; Parosh, Pahathmoab, Elam, Zatthu, Bani,

NEHEMIAH 10:14KJV
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What does Nehemiah 10:14 mean?

Nehemiah 10:14 lists some of the leaders of the people—Parosh, Pahathmoab, Elam, Zatthu, and Bani—who were among those making a public agreement to follow God's law after the return from exile. This verse is part of a longer list naming the heads of families or clans who signed this covenant.

In the setting of Nehemiah, these names represent family leaders who stood as representatives for their groups during a time of spiritual renewal in Jerusalem. The verse is not making a theological point but recording who took part in this important communal commitment, showing the broad support among the returned exiles for renewing their relationship with God.

The Hebrew behind Nehemiah 10:14

  • רֹאשׁ (rosh, H7218): This word means "chief" or "head." Here, it marks these men as leading figures or heads of their respective families, emphasizing their responsibility and authority in the community.
  • עָם (am, H5971): This word means "people." The verse is highlighting the leaders among the general population, not just priests or Levites, showing that the covenant involved the whole community.
  • פָּרֹושׁ (Parosh, H6551), פַּחַת מוֹאָב (Pahathmoab, H6355), עֵילָם (Elam, H5867), זַתּוּא (Zatthu, H2240), בָּנִי (Bani, H1137): These are personal or family names. Their inclusion shows the specific families who committed to the covenant, grounding the event in real people and history.

Why Nehemiah 10:14 matters

  • This verse helps clarify that the covenant was not just a priestly or elite affair but included leaders from among the general population, showing the community-wide nature of the commitment.
  • By naming specific family heads, Nehemiah 10:14 gives a sense of accountability and historical reality to the renewal of the covenant, rooting it in the lived experience of the returned exiles.
  • The listing of names connects this moment to earlier genealogies and records in Ezra and Nehemiah, helping readers trace the continuity of God's people through generations.

Where else these words appear

“Zatthu” Hebrew H2240 · used in 4 verses

  • Ezra 2:8 The children of Zattu, nine hundred forty and five.
  • Ezra 10:27 And of the sons of Zattu; Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, and Jeremoth, and Zabad, and Aziza.
  • Nehemiah 7:13 The children of Zattu, eight hundred forty and five.

“Parosh” Hebrew H6551 · used in 6 verses

  • Ezra 2:3 The children of Parosh, two thousand an hundred seventy and two.
  • Ezra 8:3 Of the sons of Shechaniah, of the sons of Pharosh; Zechariah: and with him were reckoned by genealogy of the males an hundred and fifty.
  • Nehemiah 3:25 Palal the son of Uzai, over against the turning of the wall, and the tower which lieth out from the king's high house, that was by the court of the prison. After him Pedaiah the son of Parosh.

“Pahathmoab” Hebrew H6355 · used in 6 verses

  • Ezra 2:6 The children of Pahathmoab, of the children of Jeshua and Joab, two thousand eight hundred and twelve.
  • Ezra 8:4 Of the sons of Pahathmoab; Elihoenai the son of Zerahiah, and with him two hundred males.
  • Nehemiah 3:11 Malchijah the son of Harim, and Hashub the son of Pahathmoab, repaired the other piece, and the tower of the furnaces.

“Bani” Hebrew H1137 · used in 14 verses

  • 2 Samuel 23:36 Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,
  • Ezra 10:29 And of the sons of Bani; Meshullam, Malluch, and Adaiah, Jashub, and Sheal, and Ramoth.
  • Nehemiah 8:7 Also Jeshua, and Bani, and Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodijah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah, and the Levites, caused the people to understand the law: and the people stood in their place.