Proverbs 21:29 (KJV)

What does Proverbs 21:29 mean?

Proverbs 21:29 contrasts two types of people: a wicked person who stubbornly refuses to change or admit fault, and an upright person who carefully considers and chooses the right path. The verse highlights the difference between stubbornness in wrongdoing and thoughtful, honest living.

This proverb comes from a collection of wise sayings traditionally attributed to Solomon, aimed at teaching practical wisdom. The verse uses the image of a "hardened face" to describe someone set in their ways, unwilling to listen or change, while the "upright" person is pictured as someone who thoughtfully directs their actions. The focus is on the attitude and approach each person takes toward life and choices.

The Hebrew behind Proverbs 21:29

• "wicked" (רָשָׁע, rashaʿ): This word refers to someone morally wrong or guilty, not just someone who makes mistakes but a person whose character is bent toward wrongdoing.
• "hardeneth" (עָזַז, ʿazaz): This verb means to make strong or firm, here used for "hardening" the face, suggesting stubbornness, defiance, or a refusal to be corrected.
• "face" (פָּנִים, panim): In Hebrew thought, the face often represents a person's attitude or inner state; to "harden the face" is to show a set, unyielding attitude.
• "directeth" (בִּין, bin; כּוּן, kun): The Hebrew here can mean to "understand" or "establish" one's way, indicating careful thought and intentionality in how the upright person lives.

Why Proverbs 21:29 matters

• This verse clears up the idea that stubbornness is strength; in Proverbs, stubbornness in wrongdoing is a sign of wickedness, not wisdom or courage.
• The proverb emphasizes that righteousness involves thoughtful self-direction, not just avoiding evil but actively choosing and establishing a good path.
• In the context of Proverbs 21, this verse fits a broader theme: the contrast between those who live by their own stubborn will and those who seek understanding and integrity in their choices.