1 Samuel 20:5 (KJV)

What does 1 Samuel 20:5 mean?

1 Samuel 20:5 describes David asking Jonathan to let him hide instead of attending a meal with King Saul during the new moon festival. David explains that he is expected to be at the king’s table but wants to avoid it by staying hidden in the field until the third evening.

In this verse, David is speaking to Jonathan, Saul’s son, because David fears for his life due to Saul’s anger. The “new moon” refers to a regular festival meal in ancient Israel, when important people like David were expected to dine with the king. David’s request sets up a plan for Jonathan to observe Saul’s reaction to David’s absence, which will reveal Saul’s true intentions toward David.

The Hebrew behind 1 Samuel 20:5

• “moon” (חֹדֶשׁ, ḥōdeš): This word means “new moon” and refers to the start of a new month in the Hebrew calendar, often marked by a special meal or gathering. The mention of the new moon shows that David’s absence would be very noticeable.
• “fail” / “sit” (יָשַׁב, yāšav): The same Hebrew word is used for both “fail” and “sit,” meaning “to dwell” or “to be present.” David is saying he should not be missing from his usual place at the king’s table.
• “meat” (אָכַל, ’āḵal): This word means “to eat” or “food.” The verse is talking specifically about the meal with the king, which was a formal and important occasion.

Why 1 Samuel 20:5 matters

• This verse helps explain the plan David and Jonathan make to test Saul’s intentions, setting up the events that follow in the chapter.
• The mention of the new moon meal shows how David’s absence would be unusual and draw attention, making it a good test of Saul’s feelings.
• Understanding the cultural importance of the new moon festival and the king’s table helps clarify why David’s request is significant and risky.