And the LORD shall be known to Egypt, and the Egyptians shall know the LORD in that day, and shall do sacrifice and oblation; yea, they shall vow a vow unto the LORD, and perform it.

ISAIAH 19:21KJV
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What does Isaiah 19:21 mean?

Isaiah 19:21 describes a time when the LORD will become known to the people of Egypt, and the Egyptians will recognize and worship Him, offering sacrifices and fulfilling vows to Him. The verse shows a dramatic change, where Egypt, once seen as a foreign nation, turns to acknowledge and honor the LORD.

In context, Isaiah is speaking a prophecy from God to the people of Israel, but this part of the chapter focuses on Egypt’s future. The verse suggests that Egypt will experience a revelation about the LORD (the God of Israel), leading them to genuine acts of worship and commitment. This is significant because it portrays a future where even traditional enemies or outsiders come to know and serve the God of Israel.

The Hebrew behind Isaiah 19:21

  • "LORD" (יְהוָה, YHWH): This is the personal name of the God of Israel, emphasizing that Egypt will come to know not just any god, but the specific God worshiped by Israel.
  • "known" (יָדַע, yada‘): This word means more than just intellectual knowledge; it often carries the sense of personal experience or relationship. The verse points to a real, transformative encounter with God.
  • "sacrifice" (זֶבַח, zevach) and "oblation" (מִנְחָה, minchah): These are specific types of offerings in Israelite worship. Their mention shows that Egypt’s worship will mirror the practices familiar to Israel, signaling a deep level of commitment.
  • "vow" (נָדַר, nadar; נֶדֶר, neder): Both the act of making a vow and the vow itself are mentioned, highlighting not just promises made to God but also the seriousness of following through on them.

Why Isaiah 19:21 matters

  • Isaiah 19:21 challenges the idea that God’s relationship is limited to Israel by showing that even Egypt, a traditional rival, can come to know and worship the LORD.
  • The verse emphasizes genuine transformation, not just outward ritual, since the words used point to real knowledge and faithful action.
  • In the wider passage, this verse is part of a prophecy about God’s plans for the nations, hinting at a future where old hostilities are replaced by shared worship and acknowledgment of the LORD.

Where else these words appear

“vow” Hebrew H5087 · used in 28 verses

  • Genesis 28:20 And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on,
  • Deuteronomy 12:11 Then there shall be a place which the LORD your God shall choose to cause his name to dwell there; thither shall ye bring all that I command you; your burnt offerings, and your sacrifices, your tithes, and the heave offering of your hand, and all your choice vows which ye vow unto the LORD:
  • 2 Samuel 15:8 For thy servant vowed a vow while I abode at Geshur in Syria, saying, If the LORD shall bring me again indeed to Jerusalem, then I will serve the LORD.

“vow” Hebrew H5088 · used in 57 verses

  • Genesis 28:20 And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on,
  • Numbers 30:5 But if her father disallow her in the day that he heareth; not any of her vows, or of her bonds wherewith she hath bound her soul, shall stand: and the LORD shall forgive her, because her father disallowed her.
  • 2 Samuel 15:7 And it came to pass after forty years, that Absalom said unto the king, I pray thee, let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed unto the LORD, in Hebron.

“perform” Hebrew H7999 · used in 107 verses

  • Genesis 44:4 And when they were gone out of the city, and not yet far off, Joseph said unto his steward, Up, follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say unto them, Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good?
  • 1 Kings 9:25 And three times in a year did Solomon offer burnt offerings and peace offerings upon the altar which he built unto the LORD, and he burnt incense upon the altar that was before the LORD. So he finished the house.
  • Proverbs 6:31 But if he be found, he shall restore sevenfold; he shall give all the substance of his house.