The adversary hath spread out his hand upon all her pleasant things: for she hath seen that the heathen entered into her sanctuary, whom thou didst command that they should not enter into thy congregation.

LAMENTATIONS 1:10KJV
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What does Lamentations 1:10 mean?

Lamentations 1:10 describes how Jerusalem’s enemies have taken possession of all her treasures and have even entered the temple, a place where God had commanded that foreigners were not allowed to enter the congregation. The verse expresses shock and grief that outsiders have violated what was once sacred and protected.

The speaker is the poet (traditionally thought to be Jeremiah) lamenting the fall of Jerusalem after its conquest by Babylon. The verse highlights the deep humiliation and loss felt by the people, as their most valued possessions and their holy sanctuary have been defiled by those who were never meant to set foot there.

The Hebrew behind Lamentations 1:10

  • "Adversary" (צַר, tsar): This word refers to an enemy or oppressor, emphasizing the hostile force that has invaded Jerusalem.
  • "Sanctuary" (מִקְדָּשׁ, miqdash): This means the holy place or temple, underlining the seriousness of foreigners entering a space that was set apart for worship and not open to outsiders.
  • "Congregation" (קָהָל, qahal): This word means an assembly or gathering, often used for the community of Israel, showing that the sanctuary was meant to be exclusive to God’s people.
  • "Heathen" (גּוֹי, goy): This term refers to nations or peoples outside Israel, highlighting the sense of violation when non-Israelites entered the temple.

Why Lamentations 1:10 matters

  • Lamentations 1:10 makes clear the depth of Jerusalem’s disgrace, not just in losing material wealth but in having the temple—God’s dwelling place—profaned by foreigners.
  • The verse connects to the wider theme of Lamentations, where the destruction is not only physical but also spiritual and communal, showing the full impact of Jerusalem’s fall.
  • This verse helps readers understand the strict boundaries that existed in ancient Israel regarding who could participate in worship, and why the breach of those boundaries was so devastating.

Where else these words appear

“things” Hebrew H4261 · used in 13 verses

  • 1 Kings 20:6 Yet I will send my servants unto thee to morrow about this time, and they shall search thine house, and the houses of thy servants; and it shall be, that whatsoever is pleasant in thine eyes, they shall put it in their hand, and take it away.
  • Lamentations 1:11 All her people sigh, they seek bread; they have given their pleasant things for meat to relieve the soul: see, O LORD, and consider; for I am become vile.
  • Ezekiel 24:25 Also, thou son of man, shall it not be in the day when I take from them their strength, the joy of their glory, the desire of their eyes, and that whereupon they set their minds, their sons and their daughters,

“out” Hebrew H6566 · used in 66 verses

  • Exodus 9:29 And Moses said unto him, As soon as I am gone out of the city, I will spread abroad my hands unto the LORD; and the thunder shall cease, neither shall there be any more hail; that thou mayest know how that the earth is the LORD'S.
  • 2 Kings 8:15 And it came to pass on the morrow, that he took a thick cloth, and dipped it in water, and spread it on his face, so that he died: and Hazael reigned in his stead.
  • Isaiah 25:11 And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst of them, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth his hands to swim: and he shall bring down their pride together with the spoils of their hands.

“sanctuary” Hebrew H4720 · used in 71 verses

  • Exodus 15:17 Thou shalt bring them in, and plant them in the mountain of thine inheritance, in the place, O LORD, which thou hast made for thee to dwell in, in the Sanctuary, O Lord, which thy hands have established.
  • Nehemiah 10:39 For the children of Israel and the children of Levi shall bring the offering of the corn, of the new wine, and the oil, unto the chambers, where are the vessels of the sanctuary, and the priests that minister, and the porters, and the singers: and we will not forsake the house of our God.
  • Ezekiel 28:18 Thou hast defiled thy sanctuaries by the multitude of thine iniquities, by the iniquity of thy traffick; therefore will I bring forth a fire from the midst of thee, it shall devour thee, and I will bring thee to ashes upon the earth in the sight of all them that behold thee.

“adversary” Hebrew H6862 · used in 102 verses

  • Genesis 14:20 And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him tithes of all.
  • Psalms 18:6 In my distress I called upon the LORD, and cried unto my God: he heard my voice out of his temple, and my cry came before him, even into his ears.
  • Psalms 136:24 And hath redeemed us from our enemies: for his mercy endureth for ever.