Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that shall be an abomination unto you.

LEVITICUS 11:12KJV
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Leviticus 11:12 (KJV)

What does Leviticus 11:12 mean?

Leviticus 11:12 states that any creature living in the water that does not have both fins and scales is considered detestable and must not be eaten by the Israelites. This verse sets a clear dietary boundary for the people, marking certain aquatic animals as unacceptable for food.

In this part of Leviticus, God is giving Moses specific instructions about which animals are clean or unclean for the Israelites to eat. The focus here is on creatures found in water—rivers, lakes, or seas. The verse uses strong language to emphasize that only fish with both fins and scales are allowed, while all others are completely off-limits.

The Hebrew behind Leviticus 11:12

  • fins (סְנַפִּיר, s'nappir): This word refers to the appendages that help fish swim. The mention of fins sets a clear physical marker for what is considered acceptable.
  • scales (קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת, qasqeset): Scales are the small, hard plates covering the skin of certain fish. The requirement for both fins and scales excludes animals like shellfish, eels, and catfish, which do not meet both criteria.
  • waters (מַיִם, mayim): This word covers all bodies of water, not just the sea. The rule applies to any aquatic environment, broadening the scope of the command.
  • abomination (שֶׁקֶץ, sheqets): This term means something detestable or ritually unclean. Using this word shows the seriousness of the prohibition, not just as a health matter but as a spiritual or ritual concern.

Why Leviticus 11:12 matters

  • Leviticus 11:12 clarifies that the dietary laws for the Israelites are not just about health or preference, but about ritual purity and obedience to God’s instructions.
  • The verse helps explain why certain seafoods, like shellfish or aquatic mammals, are traditionally avoided in Jewish dietary practice—they lack either fins or scales.
  • This rule fits into a larger section where God is teaching the Israelites to distinguish between what is holy and common, clean and unclean, shaping their identity as a distinct people.

Where else these words appear

“fins” Hebrew H5579 · used in 5 verses

  • Leviticus 11:9 These shall ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them shall ye eat.
  • Leviticus 11:10 And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that move in the waters, and of any living thing which is in the waters, they shall be an abomination unto you:
  • Deuteronomy 14:9 These ye shall eat of all that are in the waters: all that have fins and scales shall ye eat:

“scales” Hebrew H7193 · used in 7 verses

  • Leviticus 11:9 These shall ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them shall ye eat.
  • Deuteronomy 14:9 These ye shall eat of all that are in the waters: all that have fins and scales shall ye eat:
  • 1 Samuel 17:5 And he had an helmet of brass upon his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail; and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of brass.

“abomination” Hebrew H8263 · used in 11 verses

  • Leviticus 7:21 Moreover the soul that shall touch any unclean thing, as the uncleanness of man, or any unclean beast, or any abominable unclean thing, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which pertain unto the LORD, even that soul shall be cut off from his people.
  • Leviticus 11:13 And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,
  • Leviticus 11:41 And every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth shall be an abomination; it shall not be eaten.