And when she could not longer hide him, she took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch, and put the child therein; and she laid it in the flags by the river's brink.

EXODUS 2:3KJV
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What does Exodus 2:3 mean?

Exodus 2:3 describes how Moses’ mother, unable to hide him any longer from the Egyptians, made a small basket from reeds, coated it with waterproof materials, placed her baby inside, and set the basket among the plants at the edge of the Nile River. This was her desperate attempt to save his life from Pharaoh’s order to kill Hebrew baby boys.

The verse takes place in Egypt, where Pharaoh had commanded that all newborn Hebrew boys be thrown into the Nile. Moses’ mother, Jochebed, is acting to protect her son. The verse shows her careful effort: she uses an “ark” made of bulrushes, covers it with “slime and pitch” to keep water out, and places it in the reeds by the riverbank, hoping someone might find and rescue him.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 2:3

  • The word for "ark" is תֵּבָה (tevah), the same word used for Noah’s ark. This suggests a vessel meant for survival and rescue, not just a simple basket.
  • "Bulrushes" is גֹּמֶא (gome), referring to papyrus reeds common along the Nile, showing the basket was made from local, water-resistant plants.
  • "Daubed" is חָמַר (chamar), meaning to smear or coat, and "slime" חֵמָר (chemar) and "pitch" זֶפֶת (zephet) both refer to sticky, waterproofing substances. This detail highlights the care and intention to make the basket safe and watertight.
  • "Flags" is סוּף (suf), which means reeds or rushes, indicating the basket was hidden among thick river plants, not just left floating in open water.

Why Exodus 2:3 matters

  • This verse clarifies that Moses’ mother did not simply abandon him; she took great care to protect him, using materials and methods meant to keep him alive and hidden.
  • The use of the word "ark" connects Moses’ story to Noah’s, suggesting a theme of deliverance through water in both stories.
  • The details about the materials and placement show the mother’s resourcefulness and hope, setting the stage for Moses’ rescue and the unfolding of his role in Israel’s history.

Where else these words appear

“pitch” Hebrew H2203 · used in 2 verses

  • Isaiah 34:9 And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shall become burning pitch.

“slime” Hebrew H2564 · used in 3 verses

  • Genesis 11:3 And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them throughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
  • Genesis 14:10 And the vale of Siddim was full of slimepits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and fell there; and they that remained fled to the mountain.

“bulrushes” Hebrew H1573 · used in 4 verses

  • Job 8:11 Can the rush grow up without mire? can the flag grow without water?
  • Isaiah 18:2 That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled!
  • Isaiah 35:7 And the parched ground shall become a pool, and the thirsty land springs of water: in the habitation of dragons, where each lay, shall be grass with reeds and rushes.

“daubed” Hebrew H2560 · used in 6 verses

  • Job 16:16 My face is foul with weeping, and on my eyelids is the shadow of death;
  • Psalms 46:3 Though the waters thereof roar and be troubled, though the mountains shake with the swelling thereof. Selah.
  • Lamentations 1:20 Behold, O LORD; for I am in distress: my bowels are troubled; mine heart is turned within me; for I have grievously rebelled: abroad the sword bereaveth, at home there is as death.