Proverbs 20:16 (KJV)

What does Proverbs 20:16 mean?

Proverbs 20:16 warns that if someone guarantees a debt for a stranger or for a woman they do not know well, it is wise to take a pledge or security from them, such as their garment, to protect yourself. The verse highlights the risk involved in taking responsibility for someone else's obligations, especially when there is no close relationship or trust.

This proverb is part of the wisdom sayings collected by King Solomon, offering practical advice about financial dealings. In ancient Israel, being a "surety" meant guaranteeing another person's loan or debt. The verse uses the image of taking a garment as a pledge, which was a common practice to ensure repayment. The advice is directed to anyone who might be tempted to make risky promises for others, especially for those they do not know well.

The Hebrew behind Proverbs 20:16

• "Take" (לָקַח, laqach): This word means to seize or take hold of. Here, it stresses the need for decisive action to protect oneself in risky situations.
• "Garment" (בֶּגֶד, beged): In ancient times, a person's outer garment was valuable and often used as collateral. The verse uses this as a concrete example of taking security.
• "Surety" (עָרַב, arav): This means to pledge oneself for another’s debt. The proverb warns against lightly entering such arrangements, especially for strangers.
• "Stranger" (זָר, zar): This refers to someone outside one’s family or close community, highlighting the lack of trust or relationship.
• "Pledge" (חָבַל, chaval): This word means to take something as security for a debt, reinforcing the advice to protect oneself.
• "Woman" (נָכְרִיָּה, nokriyah): This term often refers to a foreign or unknown woman, emphasizing the risk of entanglement with someone outside one’s trusted circle.

Why Proverbs 20:16 matters

• Proverbs 20:16 clarifies that wisdom includes being cautious in financial matters, especially when dealing with people you do not know well.
• The verse emphasizes personal responsibility and the importance of practical safeguards, rather than relying solely on good intentions or trust.
• This proverb connects to a broader theme in Proverbs about the dangers of impulsive promises and the need for careful judgment in relationships and business.