Thou shalt not steal.

EXODUS 20:15KJV
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Exodus 20:15 (KJV)

What does Exodus 20:15 mean?

Exodus 20:15 is a direct command from God that forbids stealing: “Thou shalt not steal.” This verse tells the people not to take what does not belong to them, making it clear that theft is wrong in any form.

God is speaking to the Israelites at Mount Sinai, giving them the Ten Commandments through Moses. This commandment is part of a larger set of instructions meant to guide the community’s life together. By forbidding stealing, Exodus 20:15 sets a basic rule for respecting other people’s property and maintaining trust within society.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 20:15

  • The Hebrew word used for "steal" is גָּנַב (ganav). This word generally means to take something secretly or dishonestly, not just large thefts but any act of taking what is not yours. The command covers all kinds of stealing, whether from individuals, families, or the community.

Why Exodus 20:15 matters

  • Exodus 20:15 is often misunderstood as only referring to major crimes, but the original word includes even small acts of theft, showing that all dishonest taking is forbidden.
  • This commandment is part of a group of laws that protect relationships and community life, emphasizing that respect for others’ property is essential for a healthy society.
  • By placing this command alongside others about life, marriage, and truth, Exodus 20:15 shows that honesty and respect for others’ belongings are foundational values in the biblical vision for human community.

Where else these words appear

“steal” Hebrew H1589 · used in 36 verses

  • Genesis 30:33 So shall my righteousness answer for me in time to come, when it shall come for my hire before thy face: every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and brown among the sheep, that shall be counted stolen with me.
  • Exodus 22:1 If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.
  • 2 Chronicles 22:11 But Jehoshabeath, the daughter of the king, took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him from among the king's sons that were slain, and put him and his nurse in a bedchamber. So Jehoshabeath, the daughter of king Jehoram, the wife of Jehoiada the priest,(for she was the sister of Ahaziah,) hid him from Athaliah, so that she slew him not.