Exodus 20:13 (KJV)

What does Exodus 20:13 mean?

Exodus 20:13, in the King James Version, says, "Thou shalt not kill." This verse is a direct command from God, delivered to the Israelites, forbidding the taking of human life. The verse is often understood as a clear prohibition against murder.

God is speaking to the people of Israel at Mount Sinai, giving them the Ten Commandments through Moses. This commandment is part of a larger set of instructions meant to guide how the community should live together. The focus here is on protecting human life and setting a boundary against violent acts that would harm others.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 20:13

• The Hebrew word used here is רָצַח (ratsach), which is often translated as "murder" rather than the more general "kill." This word typically refers to unlawful or intentional killing, not acts like self-defense or accidental death. This detail helps clarify that the commandment is not a blanket ban on all forms of killing, but specifically addresses murder.

Why Exodus 20:13 matters

• The use of the word רָצַח (ratsach) clears up a common misunderstanding that the commandment forbids all killing, including in war or capital punishment; the focus is on wrongful, intentional killing.
• This commandment emphasizes the value and sanctity of human life within the community, showing that life is to be protected by law.
• Placing this commandment among the Ten Commandments highlights its foundational role in shaping a just and orderly society.