Exodus 20:17 (KJV)

What does Exodus 20:17 mean?

Exodus 20:17 commands people not to desire or long for anything that belongs to their neighbor, including their house, spouse, servants, animals, or any possession. This verse sets a boundary not just on actions, but on inward desires and attitudes toward what others have.

In this verse, God is speaking to the Israelites at Mount Sinai, giving them the Ten Commandments through Moses. Unlike earlier commandments that focus on outward actions, Exodus 20:17 addresses the inner thoughts and motivations of a person’s heart, making it clear that even wanting what is not yours is out of bounds.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 20:17

• The word "covet" (חָמַד, chamad) means to strongly desire or take pleasure in something. Here, it highlights that the commandment is about inward longing, not just outward acts.
• "Neighbour's" (רֵעֶה, re‘eh) refers to a fellow member of the community, not just someone living nearby. This broadens the command to include anyone within the group.
• "House" (בַּיִת, bayit) in this context means more than just a building; it includes the entire household and all that belongs to it.
• "Wife" (אִשָּׁה, ishah), "manservant" (עֶבֶד, eved), "maidservant" (אָמָה, ’amah), "ox" (שׁוֹר, shor), and "ass" (חֲמוֹר, chamor) are listed to show the full range of what might be coveted, emphasizing that nothing belonging to another person is to be wrongly desired.

Why Exodus 20:17 matters

• Exodus 20:17 clarifies that moral responsibility includes not just actions but also thoughts and desires, setting a higher standard for personal conduct.
• This verse helps explain the broader intent of the Ten Commandments: building a community based on respect, trust, and contentment, not just avoiding harm.
• By listing specific examples, Exodus 20:17 shows that the commandment covers every area of life, not just the most obvious or valuable possessions.