And the stones shall be with the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a signet; every one with his name shall they be according to the twelve tribes.

EXODUS 28:21KJV
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Exodus 28:21 (KJV)

What does Exodus 28:21 mean?

Exodus 28:21 describes how twelve stones are to be set with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel engraved on them, each stone representing one tribe, like the engraving on a seal. This is part of the instructions for making the high priest’s breastplate, ensuring each tribe is individually represented.

In this passage, God is speaking to Moses and giving detailed instructions for the garments of Aaron, the first high priest. The verse highlights the importance of each tribe by having its name (using the Hebrew word שֵׁם, shem) engraved on a separate stone, showing that all twelve tribes have a distinct and honored place before God.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 28:21

  • שֵׁם (shem, “name”): This word is used several times in the verse, emphasizing that each tribe’s identity is important and individually recognized.
  • פִּתּוּחֵי חוֹתָם (pittuḥei ḥotam, “engravings of a signet”): This phrase means the names are to be carved as if on a seal, which suggests permanence and official recognition, not just a casual marking.
  • שֵׁבֶט (shevet, “tribe”): This word clarifies that the stones represent the twelve distinct family groups making up the people of Israel, not just individuals.

Why Exodus 28:21 matters

  • Exodus 28:21 makes clear that every tribe is equally valued and remembered, not just as a group but by name, which would have been a powerful reminder of belonging for each Israelite.
  • The verse connects to the larger theme of the priest’s role as a representative for all the people before God, carrying their names symbolically on his chest.
  • Understanding the detail about “engraving like a signet” helps modern readers see the care and honor given to each tribe, not just a functional list but a lasting, honored inscription.

Where else these words appear

“engravings” Hebrew H6603 · used in 11 verses

  • Exodus 28:11 With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engravings of a signet, shalt thou engrave the two stones with the names of the children of Israel: thou shalt make them to be set in ouches of gold.
  • Exodus 39:14 And the stones were according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a signet, every one with his name, according to the twelve tribes.
  • 2 Chronicles 2:7 Send me now therefore a man cunning to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson, and blue, and that can skill to grave with the cunning men that are with me in Judah and in Jerusalem, whom David my father did provide.

“signet” Hebrew H2368 · used in 13 verses

  • Genesis 38:18 And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.
  • Exodus 39:14 And the stones were according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a signet, every one with his name, according to the twelve tribes.
  • Job 41:15 His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal.