And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron's heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.

EXODUS 28:30KJV
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Exodus 28:30 (KJV)

What does Exodus 28:30 mean?

Exodus 28:30 describes how God commands that the Urim and the Thummim be placed inside the breastplate of judgment, which the high priest Aaron will wear over his heart whenever he enters God’s presence. This act symbolizes that Aaron, as high priest, carries the responsibility of representing the Israelites’ decisions and seeking God’s guidance for them at all times.

In this verse, God is speaking to Moses, giving instructions about the special clothing for Aaron, who will serve as the first high priest for Israel. The Urim (אוּרִים, Urim) and Thummim (תֻּמִּים, Thummim) were sacred objects used to discern God’s will, though their exact nature is uncertain. The breastplate (חֹשֶׁן, choshen) is called the “breastplate of judgment” because it was used in making important decisions for the people. The verse emphasizes that Aaron must always carry the people’s concerns before God, showing the seriousness and ongoing nature of his role.