And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their inclosings.

EXODUS 28:20KJV
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Exodus 28:20 (KJV)

What does Exodus 28:20 mean?

Exodus 28:20 describes the fourth row of precious stones to be set into the high priest’s breastplate, specifically naming beryl, onyx, and jasper, each mounted in gold settings. This verse is part of detailed instructions for making the sacred garments for Aaron, the first high priest, as given by God to Moses.

In this context, God is speaking to Moses on Mount Sinai, giving precise directions for the design of the high priest’s breastplate. Each stone represents one of the twelve tribes of Israel, and the careful listing and arrangement highlight the importance of each tribe before God. The use of valuable stones and gold emphasizes the honor and sacredness of the priestly role.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 28:20

  • "Beryl" (תַּרְשִׁישׁ, tarshish) refers to a precious stone, often understood as a pale green or blue-green gem, valued in the ancient world for its beauty and rarity.
  • "Onyx" (שֹׁהַם, shoham) is a stone with layers of color, often black and white, symbolizing strength and endurance in some traditions.
  • "Jasper" (יָשְׁפֵה, yashfeh) is a stone that can come in various colors, typically red or green, and was prized for its hardness and beauty.
  • "Set" (מִלֵּא, mille) means to fill or set, indicating that each stone was carefully placed or mounted within its gold setting, not simply attached but securely embedded.

Why Exodus 28:20 matters

  • This verse clarifies that each stone was intentionally chosen and set, showing the care and value placed on representing each tribe of Israel.
  • The specific mention of gold settings ("in their inclosings") highlights the dignity and sacredness of the high priest’s garments, setting them apart from ordinary clothing.
  • Understanding the materials and arrangement helps readers appreciate the craftsmanship and symbolism involved in Israel’s worship practices, connecting the physical details to the spiritual significance of the priesthood.

Where else these words appear

“set” Hebrew H7660 · used in 2 verses

  • Exodus 28:39 And thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen, and thou shalt make the mitre of fine linen, and thou shalt make the girdle of needlework.

“jasper” Hebrew H3471 · used in 3 verses

  • Exodus 39:13 And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings.
  • Ezekiel 28:13 Thou hast been in Eden the garden of God; every precious stone was thy covering, the sardius, topaz, and the diamond, the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the emerald, and the carbuncle, and gold: the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes was prepared in thee in the day that thou wast created.

“inclosings” Hebrew H4396 · used in 3 verses

  • Exodus 28:17 And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row.
  • Exodus 39:13 And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings.

“beryl” Hebrew H8658 · used in 7 verses

  • Exodus 39:13 And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings.
  • Ezekiel 1:16 The appearance of the wheels and their work was like unto the colour of a beryl: and they four had one likeness: and their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel in the middle of a wheel.
  • Ezekiel 28:13 Thou hast been in Eden the garden of God; every precious stone was thy covering, the sardius, topaz, and the diamond, the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the emerald, and the carbuncle, and gold: the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes was prepared in thee in the day that thou wast created.