With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engravings of a signet, shalt thou engrave the two stones with the names of the children of Israel: thou shalt make them to be set in ouches of gold.
EXODUS 28:11KJVWhat does Exodus 28:11 mean?
Exodus 28:11 describes how two stones should be carefully engraved with the names of the tribes of Israel, using the skill and precision of an engraver who works on signet rings, and then set into gold settings. This instruction is part of the directions for making the high priest’s special garments, emphasizing both craftsmanship and the importance of representing all the tribes before God.
In this verse, God is speaking to Moses, giving detailed instructions for making the high priest Aaron’s ceremonial clothing. The two stones, later called onyx stones, are to be engraved with the names of the sons of Israel—six names on each stone. These stones are to be mounted in gold settings and attached to the priest’s ephod (a special vest), symbolizing that the high priest carries all the tribes of Israel before God.
The Hebrew behind Exodus 28:11
- "Engraver" (חָרַשׁ, ḥārash): This word refers to a skilled craftsman, especially one who carves or engraves. The verse highlights the need for expert work, not just any inscription.
- "Engravings" (פִּתּוּחַ, pittuach) and "engrave" (פָּתַח, patach): Both words relate to carving or inscribing, often used for seals or signets, suggesting the names should be deeply and clearly marked, not just lightly etched.
- "Signet" (חוֹתָם, ḥotam): A signet was a personal seal used to make an official mark, so the engraving here is meant to be as permanent and precise as a legal seal.
- "Ouches" (מִשְׁבְּצוֹת, mishbetzot): This word means settings or mountings, specifically for holding the stones securely in gold, showing the value and care given to these items.
Why Exodus 28:11 matters
- This verse clarifies that the names of all the tribes are to be treated with equal care and honor, symbolizing unity and representation before God.
- The emphasis on skilled engraving and gold settings shows the importance of beauty, permanence, and reverence in objects used for worship.
- By connecting the stones to the high priest’s garments, Exodus 28:11 helps explain how the priest’s role was to bring all of Israel before God, not just as individuals but as a whole people.