Exodus 9:12 (KJV)

What does Exodus 9:12 mean?

Exodus 9:12 says that the LORD made Pharaoh’s heart stubborn so that he would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had previously said would happen. This verse highlights that Pharaoh’s refusal to let the Israelites go was not just his own decision, but also part of what God had already told Moses would take place.

In this part of the story, God is sending plagues on Egypt because Pharaoh refuses to free the Israelites. Moses and Aaron are delivering God’s message to Pharaoh, but Pharaoh continues to resist. The verse shows that Pharaoh’s stubbornness is both his own choice and something God is allowing or causing, which fits with earlier warnings God gave to Moses about Pharaoh’s reaction.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 9:12

• LORD (יְהוָה, YHWH): This is the personal name of God used throughout Exodus, emphasizing God’s direct involvement in the events.
• hardened (חָזַק, chazaq): This word means to make strong or firm. Here, it is used to describe how Pharaoh’s heart became set or stubborn, not easily changed.
• heart (לֵב, lev): In Hebrew thought, the “heart” refers to the inner self, including will and decision-making, not just emotions. The verse is about Pharaoh’s resolve, not just his feelings.
• hearkened (שָׁמַע, shama): This means to listen or obey. Pharaoh’s refusal to “hearken” means he would not respond or submit to what Moses and Aaron said.

Why Exodus 9:12 matters

• Exodus 9:12 clarifies that Pharaoh’s stubbornness was not a surprise to God; it was something God had already told Moses would happen, showing God’s control over the situation.
• The verse helps readers understand that in the biblical story, human choices and God’s actions are closely connected, especially in moments of major decision.
• This verse is a turning point in the plagues narrative, emphasizing that Pharaoh’s resistance is now firmly set, leading to even more serious consequences for Egypt.