Question 1

What does Acts 13:20 mean?

Accepted Answer

Acts 13:20 says that, after bringing Israel out of Egypt, God gave them judges to lead them for about 450 years, up until the time of Samuel the prophet. This verse summarizes a long period in Israel’s history when leaders called judges guided the people before Israel had kings. In Acts 13, the apostle Paul is speaking in a synagogue, telling the story of Israel’s past to show how God worked through their history. Paul is explaining how God cared for Israel by giving them leaders (“judges”) for many generations, leading up to Samuel, who was both a prophet and the last judge before the era of kings began.

Question 2

The Greek behind Acts 13:20

Accepted Answer

The word for "judges" is κριτάς (kritas), which means leaders who settled disputes and guided the people. This term points to the special role these figures had in Israel’s history, not just as legal authorities but as deliverers and guides. The phrase "about the space of four hundred and fifty years" uses the Greek ὡς (hōs, “about”) and the numbers ἑκατόν (hekaton, “hundred”) and πεντήκοντα (pentēkonta, “fifty”), showing the time span is approximate, not exact. "Until Samuel the prophet" uses the Greek ἕως (heōs, “until”) and προφήτου (prophētou, “prophet”), marking Samuel as a key transition from the time of the judges to the time of the prophets and kings.

Question 3

Why Acts 13:20 matters

Accepted Answer

Acts 13:20 helps clarify the timeline of Israel’s history, showing a long period between the Exodus and the rise of kings, which can sometimes be confusing when reading the Old Testament. By mentioning the judges and Samuel, Paul connects God’s ongoing guidance of Israel to the coming of Jesus, which is his main point in this speech. The verse emphasizes that God was actively involved in Israel’s leadership, not leaving them without guidance during a long and sometimes chaotic era.

Acts 13:20 (KJV)