Acts 2:35 (KJV)

What does Acts 2:35 mean?

Acts 2:35 is a quotation that describes God promising to make the enemies ("foes") of the addressed person into a "footstool," meaning they will be completely subdued or placed under his authority. The verse is about the eventual defeat and submission of these foes, showing a position of victory and honor for the one addressed.

In Acts 2, Peter is speaking to a crowd in Jerusalem after Jesus’ resurrection. He quotes this line from Psalm 110:1 to show that God promised to put the Messiah’s enemies under his feet, using the image of a "footstool" as a sign of total triumph. Peter uses this to argue that Jesus, whom the people had crucified, is the one God has made both Lord and Christ.

The Greek behind Acts 2:35

• "foes" (ἐχθρούς, echthrous): This word means enemies or those who oppose. The Greek term emphasizes active hostility, not just passive opposition, highlighting the complete reversal of power described in the verse.
• "footstool" (ὑποπόδιον, hupopodion): This word refers to something placed under the feet, often a literal stool. In ancient times, making someone a footstool was a vivid image of total conquest and submission, showing that the person has full authority over their enemies.

Why Acts 2:35 matters

• Acts 2:35 clarifies that the Messiah’s victory is not just spiritual but involves the real, visible defeat of his enemies, as understood in the culture of the time.
• The verse connects Jesus directly to Old Testament prophecy, showing continuity between what God promised in the Psalms and what Peter says is happening through Jesus.
• Understanding the image of the "footstool" helps modern readers grasp the depth of the claim: it is not just about winning, but about complete and public vindication and authority.