Exodus 21:16 (KJV)

What does Exodus 21:16 mean?

Exodus 21:16 states that anyone who kidnaps another person, whether to sell them or keep them, must be put to death. This law makes it clear that stealing a person is a crime with the most serious consequence in ancient Israel.

In this part of Exodus, God is giving Moses specific laws for the Israelites after they left Egypt. The verse addresses the crime of kidnapping, showing that it is treated as a grave offense, equal to murder. The law is directed at the whole community, setting a standard for justice and protecting individuals from being taken and sold as property.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 21:16

• "stealeth" (גָּנַב, ganav): This word means to steal or kidnap. In this context, it refers specifically to stealing a person, not just property, highlighting the seriousness of the crime.
• "man" (אִישׁ, ish): This word usually means "man" or "person," making it clear that the law applies to kidnapping any human being, not just a specific group.
• "selleth" (מָכַר, makar): This word means to sell. The verse covers both selling the kidnapped person and keeping them, showing that any involvement in the act is equally condemned.
• "surely...death" (מוֹת יוּמָת, mot yumat): This phrase means "shall surely be put to death," emphasizing that there is no lesser penalty for this crime; the punishment is certain and severe.

Why Exodus 21:16 matters

• Exodus 21:16 clarifies that kidnapping is not just a property crime but a direct attack on a person's freedom and dignity, carrying the highest penalty.
• This law stands out in the context of other laws in Exodus, which often deal with property or accidental harm, by treating kidnapping as a uniquely serious offense.
• The verse helps explain the value placed on personal liberty and justice in ancient Israel, showing that the community was expected to protect each person's right not to be taken or sold.