Exodus 21:35 (KJV)

What does Exodus 21:35 mean?

Exodus 21:35 sets out what should happen if one person's ox kills another person's ox: the owners must sell the living ox and split the money, and they must also divide the dead ox between them. This law gives a fair way to share the loss when neither owner is clearly at fault.

Moses is recording laws God gave to Israel about how to handle property disputes and accidents among neighbors. This verse comes in a section about animals causing harm, showing how the community should handle situations where an animal's actions lead to loss. The rule aims to prevent arguments and ensure both parties share the consequences.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 21:35

• "hurt" (נָגַף, nāgaf): This word means to strike or gore, specifically when an ox injures another. It highlights that the harm is caused by a forceful action, not just an accident.
• "divide" (חָצָה, ḥātsāh): Used twice here, this word means to split or share. The repetition stresses that both the value of the living ox and the remains of the dead ox must be shared equally, underlining fairness.
• "money" (כֶּסֶף, kesef): This word means silver or money. By specifying that the money from the sale is to be divided, the law ensures both parties receive equal compensation, not just the physical animal.

Why Exodus 21:35 matters

• This verse clears up that the law does not automatically blame one owner when animals fight and one is killed; instead, it recognizes shared risk and loss.
• Exodus 21:35 fits into a broader set of laws about responsibility and fairness, showing that God's instructions covered everyday disputes, not just religious matters.
• The verse helps modern readers see how ancient Israel valued justice and community peace, even in practical matters like livestock ownership.